Intangiriro

Amashanyarazi ya biyomasi nubuhanga bunini kandi bukuze bugezweho bwo gukoresha ingufu za biomass.Ubushinwa bukungahaye ku mutungo wa biomass,

cyane harimo imyanda yubuhinzi, imyanda y’amashyamba, ifumbire y’amatungo, imyanda yo mu ngo, amazi y’imyanda n’ibisigazwa by’imyanda.Igiteranyo

ingano yumutungo wa biomass ushobora gukoreshwa nkingufu buri mwaka uhwanye na toni miliyoni 460 zamakara asanzwe.Muri 2019 ,.

ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwo kubyara ingufu za biomass kwisi bwiyongereye buva kuri miliyoni 131 kilowatts muri 2018 bugera kuri miliyoni 139 kilowat, kwiyongera

ya 6%.Amashanyarazi yumwaka yiyongereye kuva kuri miliyari 546 kWh muri 2018 agera kuri miliyari 591 kWh muri 2019, yiyongera hafi 9%,

cyane muri EU na Aziya, cyane cyane Ubushinwa.Gahunda y’imyaka 13 y’Ubushinwa mu iterambere ry’ingufu za Biomass ivuga ko muri 2020, yose hamwe

ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwo kubyara ingufu za biomass bugomba kugera kuri miliyoni 15 kilowat, naho amashanyarazi yumwaka agomba kugera kuri miliyari 90

amasaha ya kilowatt.Mu mpera za 2019, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho ingufu za bio amashanyarazi bwariyongereye buva kuri miliyoni 17.8 kilowatt muri 2018 bugera

Miliyoni 22.54 kilowatts, hamwe n’amashanyarazi yumwaka arenga miliyari 111 kilowatt, arenga ku ntego za Gahunda yimyaka 13.

Mu myaka yashize, icyibandwaho mu kongera ingufu za biomass mu Bushinwa ni ugukoresha imyanda y’ubuhinzi n’amashyamba hamwe n’imyanda ikomeye yo mu mujyi.

muri cogeneration sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu nubushyuhe mumijyi.

Iterambere ryubushakashatsi bugezweho bwa tekinoroji ya biomass

Amashanyarazi ya biyomass yatangiriye mu myaka ya za 70.Nyuma y’ibibazo by’ingufu ku isi bimaze gutangira, Danemarke n’ibindi bihugu by’iburengerazuba byatangiye

koresha ingufu za biomass nkibyatsi kubyara ingufu.Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, tekinoroji yo kubyara ingufu za biomass yatejwe imbere cyane

kandi wasabye mu Burayi no muri Amerika.Muri byo, Danemark yageze ku bikorwa bitangaje mu iterambere ry’iterambere

kubyara ingufu za biomass.Kuva uruganda rwa mbere rwa bio bio yaka amashanyarazi rwubatswe rugashyirwa mu bikorwa mu 1988, Danemark yarashizeho

amashanyarazi arenga 100 ya biomass kugeza ubu, abaye igipimo cyiterambere ryiterambere ryamashanyarazi ya biomass kwisi.Byongeye,

Ibihugu byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya nabyo byateye imbere mu gutwika biyomasi mu buryo butaziguye ukoresheje umuceri wumuceri, bagasse nibindi bikoresho fatizo.

Amashanyarazi y’ibinyabuzima mu Bushinwa yatangiye mu myaka ya za 90.Nyuma yo kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, hamwe no gushyiraho politiki yigihugu yo gushyigikira

iterambere ryokubyara ingufu za biyomass, umubare ningufu zingufu zinganda za biomass ziyongera uko umwaka utashye.Mu rwego rwa

imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe n’ibisabwa kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kubyara ingufu za biyomasi birashobora kugabanya neza CO2 n’ibindi bihumanya ikirere,

ndetse no kugera kuri zeru zeru zeru, bityo byabaye igice cyingenzi mubushakashatsi bwabashakashatsi mumyaka yashize.

Ukurikije ihame ryakazi, tekinoroji ya biomass yamashanyarazi irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: kubyara amashanyarazi ataziguye

ikoranabuhanga, gazi itanga ingufu za tekinoroji hamwe no guhuza amashanyarazi yikoranabuhanga.

Ihame, ingufu za biyomass zitwikwa zisa cyane cyane n’amakara akoreshwa n’amashyanyarazi, ni ukuvuga amavuta ya biomass

.

ingufu muri lisansi ya biomass ihindurwamo ingufu zimbere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru nubushyuhe bwumuvuduko mwinshi ukoresheje ubushyuhe bwo hejuru

inzira, kandi ihindurwamo ingufu za mashini binyuze mumuzinga w'amashanyarazi, Hanyuma, ingufu za mashini zihinduka amashanyarazi

ingufu binyuze muri generator.

Gazi ya biyomasi yo kubyara amashanyarazi ikubiyemo intambwe zikurikira: (1) gazi ya biyomasi, pyrolysis na gazi ya biomass nyuma yo kumenagura,

gukama hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura mbere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango bitange imyuka irimo ibice byaka nka CO, CH₄na

H ₂;.

kokiya na tar, kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa byinjira mumashanyarazi yo hasi;(3) Gutwika gaze bikoreshwa mugutanga amashanyarazi.

Gazi isukuye isukurwa yinjizwa muri gaz turbine cyangwa moteri yo gutwika imbere yo gutwika no kubyara amashanyarazi, cyangwa irashobora gutangizwa

muri boiler yo gutwikwa, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuvuduko mwinshi bikoreshwa mugutwara amashyanyarazi kugirango habeho ingufu.

Bitewe nubutunzi bwa biomass butatanye, ubwinshi bwingufu nke hamwe no gukusanya no gutwara abantu, gutwika bitaziguye biomass kugirango bitange amashanyarazi

ifite gushingira cyane ku buryo burambye n’ubukungu bwo gutanga lisansi, bigatuma igiciro kinini cy’amashanyarazi ya biomass.Biomass ifatanije imbaraga

ibisekuruza nuburyo bwo kubyara ingufu zikoresha lisansi ya biomass kugirango isimbuze ibindi bicanwa (mubisanzwe amakara) kugirango co gutwikwa.Itezimbere

ya lisansi ya biomass kandi igabanya ikoreshwa ryamakara, ikamenya CO₂kugabanya ibyuka byangiza amashanyarazi yumuriro.Kugeza ubu, biomass ihujwe

tekinoroji yo kubyaza ingufu ingufu zirimo cyane cyane: kuvanga bitaziguye gutwikwa hamwe no kubyara amashanyarazi, gutwika ku buryo butaziguye

tekinoroji yibisekuru hamwe na tekinoroji ikomatanya ingufu.

1. Biomass tekinoroji yo gutwika amashanyarazi

Ukurikije biomass iriho ubu itanga amashanyarazi ataziguye, ukurikije ubwoko bwitanura bukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi, birashobora kugabanwa cyane

muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gutwika hamwe na tekinoroji yo gutwika [2].

Gutwikwa gutondetse bivuze ko lisansi igezwa kumurongo usanzwe cyangwa ugendanwa, kandi umwuka utangizwa kuva munsi yigitereko kugirango ukore

gutwika reaction binyuze mumavuta ya lisansi.Uhagarariye tekinoroji yo gutwika ni uburyo bwo gutangiza amazi akonje

ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe na Sosiyete ya BWE muri Danimarike, n’uruganda rwa mbere rwa biomass mu Bushinwa - Urugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwa Shanxian mu Ntara ya Shandong rwari

yubatswe mu 2006. Kubera ivu rike hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutwika amavuta ya biomass, amasahani ya grite yangiritse byoroshye kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi

gukonja nabi.Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga amazi akonje akonje yinyeganyeza ni imiterere yihariye nuburyo bwo gukonjesha, bikemura ikibazo cya grake

ubushyuhe bukabije.Hamwe no kumenyekanisha no guteza imbere tekinoroji yo muri Danemarike ikonjesha tekinoroji, imishinga myinshi yo murugo yatangije

biomass grate tekinoroji yo gutwika hamwe nuburenganzira bwumutungo wubwenge wigenga binyuze mukwiga no gusya, byashyizwe murwego runini

imikorere.Abahinguzi bahagarariye barimo uruganda rwa Shanghai Sifang Boiler, Wuxi Huaguang Boiler Co., Ltd., nibindi.

Nka tekinoroji yo gutwika irangwa no guhinduranya ibice bikomeye, tekinoroji yo gutwika ibitanda ifite ibyiza byinshi kuriri

tekinoroji yo gutwika mugutwika biomass.Mbere ya byose, hari ibikoresho byinshi byuburiri bwa inert muburiri bwuzuye amazi, bufite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi

komeraguhuza n'amavuta ya biomass afite amazi menshi;Icya kabiri, ubushyuhe bwiza no guhererekanya kwinshi kwa gaze-ikomeye ivanze mumazi

uburiri bushobozalisansi ya biomass gushyuha vuba nyuma yo kwinjira mu itanura.Mugihe kimwe, ibikoresho byo kuryama bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi burashobora

komeza itanuraubushyuhe, menya neza ko gutwika bihamye mugihe utwitse kalorifike nkeya ya biomass lisansi, kandi ufite ibyiza bimwe

muburyo bwo guhindura imitwaro.Ku nkunga ya gahunda yo gushyigikira ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu, kaminuza ya Tsinghua yateguye “Biomass

Kuzenguruka Amazi YigitandaIkoranabuhanga hamwe na Parameter zo hejuru ", kandi ryateje imbere isi nini ya MW 125 nini cyane

igitutu kimaze gushyushya biomass izengurukagutekesha ibitanda byamazi hamwe nubu buhanga, hamwe na 130 t / h yambere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi

kuzenguruka amazi meza yo kuryama gutwika ibyatsi byibigori.

Bitewe nubusanzwe ibyuma bya alkali hamwe na chlorine biri muri biomass, cyane cyane imyanda yubuhinzi, hari ibibazo nk ivu, gutombora

na ruswaahantu hashyuha cyane ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gutwikwa.Ibipimo byamazi ya biyomasi murugo no mumahanga

ni Hagatiubushyuhe n'umuvuduko wo hagati, kandi ingufu zitanga ingufu ntabwo ziri hejuru.Ubukungu bwurwego rwa biomass rwirukanye

kubyara ingufu bigabanyaiterambere ryayo ryiza.

2. Ikoranabuhanga rya biyomasi ya tekinoroji

Amashanyarazi ya biyomasi akoresha ingufu za gazi zidasanzwe kugirango ahindure imyanda ya biomass, harimo ibiti, ibyatsi, ibyatsi, bagasse, nibindi,

ingaze yaka.Gazi yaka umuriro yoherejwe muri gaz turbine cyangwa moteri yo gutwika imbere kugirango itange amashanyarazi nyuma yumukungugu

gukuraho nagukuraho kokiya hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kwezwa [3].Kugeza ubu, reakteri ikoreshwa cyane irashobora kugabanywa muburiri butajegajega

gazi ya gaziimyuka yo kuryama hamwe na gazi ya gazi yashizwemo.Muri gazi ya gazi ihamye, uburiri bwibintu burahagaze neza, no gukama, pyrolysis,

okiside, kugabanukanibindi bitekerezo bizarangira bikurikiranye, hanyuma bihindurwe gaze ya sintetike.Ukurikije itandukaniro ryimigezi

icyerekezo hagati ya gazifiergaze ya sintetike, gazi ya gazi itunganijwe ifite ubwoko butatu: guswera hejuru (konte yimbere), kumanuka kumanuka (imbere

gutemba) hamwe no gutambukagazi.Gazi ya gazi isukuye igizwe nicyumba cya gazi nogukwirakwiza ikirere.Umukozi wa gazi ni

kugaburirwa kimwe muri gazebinyuze mu gukwirakwiza ikirere.Ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye biranga gazi-ikomeye, birashobora kugabanywa mubyinshi

gazi ya gazi ya gazi kandi ikazungurukagazi ya gazi.Umukozi wa gazi (ogisijeni, umwuka, nibindi) muburiri bwinjira bwinjira muri biomass

ibice kandi bigaterwa mu itanuraBinyuze mu zuru.Ibicanwa byiza bya peteroli biranyanyagizwa kandi bihagarikwa mumasoko yihuta.Munsi yo hejuru

ubushyuhe, ibicanwa byiza bya peteroli byihuta nyumaguhura na ogisijeni, kurekura ubushyuhe bwinshi.Ibice bikomeye birahita byitwa pyrolyzed na gaze

kubyara gaze ya sintetike na slag.Kubijyanye no kuvugurura byagenweigitanda cya gazifier, ibirimo muri gaze ya synthesis ni ndende.Dodraft yuburiri bwa gazifier

ifite imiterere yoroshye, kugaburira byoroshye no gukora neza.

Munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi, igitereko cyabyaye gishobora gucika muri gaze yaka, ariko ubushyuhe bwo gusohoka bwa gaze ni bwinshi.Amazi

uburirigaziyeri ifite ibyiza byo guhumeka byihuse, gazi imwe ihuza itanura hamwe nubushyuhe burigihe, ariko

ibikoreshoimiterere iragoye, ibivu byivu muri synthesis gaze ni ndende, kandi sisitemu yohanagura isabwa cyane.Uwiteka

gazi ya gaziifite byinshi bisabwa kugirango umuntu yitegure kandi agomba guhonyorwa mo ibice byiza kugirango ibikoresho bishoboke

reba rwose mugihe gitoigihe cyo gutura.

Iyo igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza ingufu za biyomasi ari gito, ubukungu ni bwiza, igiciro ni gito, kandi kibereye kure kandi gitatanye

icyaro,bifite akamaro kanini mu kuzuza ingufu z’Ubushinwa.Ikibazo nyamukuru kigomba gukemurwa nigitereko cyakozwe na biomass

gazi.Iyogaze ya gaze ikorwa mubikorwa bya gazi irakonja, izakora igitereko cyamazi, kizahagarika umuyoboro kandi kigire ingaruka kuri

imikorere isanzwe yimbaragaibikoresho byo kubyara.

3. Biomass ihujwe na tekinoroji yo kubyara ingufu

Igiciro cya lisansi yo gutwika neza imyanda yubuhinzi n’amashyamba kugirango ikore amashanyarazi nicyo kibazo kinini kibuza ingufu za biomass

ibisekuruzainganda.Biyomasi itaziguye itanga amashanyarazi ifite ubushobozi buke, ibipimo bike nubukungu buke, nabwo bugabanya imipaka

gukoresha biomass.Biomass ihujwe nisoko ryinshi rya peteroli nuburyo bwo kugabanya ibiciro.Kugeza ubu, inzira nziza yo kugabanya

ibiciro bya lisansi ni biomass hamwe n’amakarakubyara ingufu.Mu mwaka wa 2016, igihugu cyatanze Igitekerezo kiyobora mu guteza imbere amakara yarashwe na Biomass

Gukomatanya Imbaraga Zibyara, cyaneyateje imbere ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere biomass ihujwe n’ikoranabuhanga ribyara ingufu.Vuba aha

imyaka, imikorere ya biomass itanga ingufu ifitebyatejwe imbere cyane binyuze mu guhindura amashanyarazi asanzwe akoreshwa n’amakara,

ikoreshwa ryamakara afatanije kubyara ingufu za biomass, naibyiza bya tekinike yinganda nini zikoreshwa namashanyarazi mumikorere myiza

n'umwanda muke.Inzira ya tekiniki irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu:

.

urusyo hamweicyotezo kimwe, hamwe ninsyo zitandukanye hamwe na firime zitandukanye;(2) Guhuza umuriro utaziguye nyuma ya gaze, biomass itanga

gaze yakainzira ya gazi hanyuma yinjira mu itanura ryo gutwikwa;(3) Guhuza amavuta nyuma yo gutwika biomass idasanzwe

amashyiga.Guhuza umuriro utaziguye nuburyo bwo gukoresha bushobora gushyirwa mubikorwa binini, hamwe nibikorwa bihenze hamwe nishoramari rigufi

ukwezi.Iyoigipimo cyo guhuza ntabwo kiri hejuru, gutunganya lisansi, kubika, kubitsa, guhuza neza ningaruka zabyo kumutekano wibyuka nubukungu

biterwa no gutwika biomassbyakemuwe mubuhanga cyangwa kugenzurwa.Tekinoroji yo gutwika itaziguye itunganya biomass namakara

ukwayo, ihuza cyane naubwoko bwa biomass, ikoresha biomass nkeya kumashanyarazi yingufu, kandi ikiza lisansi.Irashobora gukemura

ibibazo bya alkali ibyuma byangirika hamwe no gutekainzira yo gutwika itaziguye ya biomass kurwego runaka, ariko umushinga ufite nabi

ubunini kandi ntibukwiriye kubinini binini.Mu bihugu by'amahanga,uburyo bwo gutwika butaziguye bukoreshwa cyane.Nka indirect

uburyo bwo gutwika bwizewe cyane, gutwika ku buryo butaziguye guhuza ingufuhashingiwe ku kuzenguruka amazi ya gazi ya gazi irahari

tekinoroji iyobora mugukoresha ingufu za biomass guhuza ingufu mubushinwa.Muri 2018,Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa Datang Changshan, igihugu

icyambere 660MW supercritical amakara akoreshwa namashanyarazi hamwe na 20MW itanga ingufu za biomassumushinga wo kwerekana, wageze a

intsinzi yuzuye.Umushinga ufata biomass yigenga yigenga izenguruka amazi ya gazi ya gazi ihujwekubyara ingufu

inzira, itwara toni zigera ku 100000 z'ibyatsi bya biomass buri mwaka, igera kuri miliyoni 110 kilowatt y'amashanyarazi ya biomass,

azigama toni 40000 z'amakara asanzwe, kandi agabanya toni zigera kuri 140000 za CO₂.

Isesengura nicyizere cyiterambere ryiterambere rya biyomass ikoranabuhanga

Hamwe no kunoza gahunda yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu Bushinwa n’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ndetse no gukomeza gushyira mu bikorwa

ya politiki yo gushyigikira ingufu za biomass zikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi, biomass ihujwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu zitangiza amakara iratangiza neza

amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere.Gutunganya nabi imyanda yubuhinzi n’amashyamba hamwe n’imyanda yo mu ngo yamye ari ishingiro rya

ibibazo by’ibidukikije mu mijyi no mu cyaro inzego z’ibanze zikeneye gukemura byihutirwa.Noneho uburenganzira bwo gutegura imishinga yo kubyara ingufu za biomass

yahawe ubuyobozi bw'inzego z'ibanze.Inzego zibanze zirashobora guhuza biomass yubuhinzi n’amashyamba hamwe n’imyanda yo mu ngo hamwe mu mushinga

guteganya guteza imbere imyanda ihuriweho n’amashanyarazi.

Usibye ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwika, urufunguzo rwo gukomeza iterambere ry’inganda zitanga ingufu za biomass ni iterambere ryigenga,

gukura no kunoza sisitemu yo gufasha, nko gukusanya amavuta ya biomass, kumenagura, gusuzuma no kugaburira.Igihe kimwe,

guteza imbere tekinoroji ya biyomasi yambere yo gutezimbere no kunoza imikoreshereze yibikoresho bimwe na lisansi ya biomass niyo shingiro

kubwo kumenya igiciro gito-kinini cyo gukoresha tekinoroji ya biomass ikora ejo hazaza.

1. Amakara yaka biomass itaziguye guhuza umuriro

Ubushobozi bwa biomass butaziguye amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi muri rusange ni mato (≤ 50MW), kandi ibipimo byamazi bihuye nabyo biri hasi,

muri rusange ibipimo byumuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa munsi.Kubwibyo, ingufu zitanga ingufu zo gutwika biyomasi yumushinga wo gutanga amashanyarazi muri rusange

ntibiri hejuru ya 30%.Biyomass itaziguye ihuza tekinoroji yo guhinduranya ishingiye kuri 300MW ibice bito cyangwa 600MW no hejuru

ibice birenze urugero cyangwa ultra birenze urugero birashobora kuzamura ingufu za biomass kugeza 40% cyangwa birenze.Mubyongeyeho, ibikorwa bikomeza

ya biomass itaziguye amashanyarazi yumuriro biterwa ahanini no gutanga lisansi ya biomass, mugihe imikorere ya biomass ifatanije namakara

ibice bitanga amashanyarazi ntibiterwa no gutanga biomass.Ubu buryo buvanze bwo gutwika butuma isoko ya biomass yo gukusanya amashanyarazi

ibigo bifite imbaraga zo guhahirana.Ikoranabuhanga rya biomass rifatanije na tekinoroji irashobora kandi gukoresha amashyiga ariho, turbine hamwe na

sisitemu yo gufasha yinganda zikoreshwa namakara.Gusa sisitemu nshya yo gutunganya peteroli ya biomass irakenewe kugirango uhindure bimwe mubyotsa

sisitemu, bityo ishoramari ryambere riri hasi.Izi ngamba zavuzwe haruguru zizamura cyane inyungu zinganda zitanga ingufu za biomass kandi zigabanuke

kwishingikiriza ku nkunga y'igihugu.Ku bijyanye n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ibipimo byo kurengera ibidukikije bishyirwa mu bikorwa na biomass birasa

imishinga itanga amashanyarazi irarekuye, kandi imipaka y’umwotsi, SO2 na NOx ni 20, 50 na 200 mg / Nm3.Biomass ifatanije

kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi ashingiye kumashanyarazi yumuriro yumuriro wambere kandi ashyira mubikorwa ibipimo byangiza cyane.Imipaka yangiza ya soot, SO2

na NOx ni 10, 35 na 50mg / Nm3.Ugereranije na biomass itaziguye itanga amashanyarazi yingero zingana, imyuka yumwotsi, SO2

na NOx yagabanutseho 50%, 30% na 75%, hamwe nibyiza byimibereho nibidukikije.

Inzira ya tekiniki y’amashyanyarazi manini y’amakara kugira ngo ikore impinduka za biomass itaziguye itanga amashanyarazi irashobora kuvugwa muri make

nkibice bya biomass - urusyo rwa biomass - sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro - umuyoboro wamakara.Nubwo biomass iriho ubu ihujwe no gutwikwa

ikoranabuhanga rifite imbogamizi zo gupimwa bigoye, tekinoroji ijyanye no kubyara amashanyarazi izahinduka icyerekezo nyamukuru cyiterambere

kubyara ingufu za biomass nyuma yo gukemura iki kibazo, Irashobora gutahura gutwika biomass muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose mumashanyarazi manini akoreshwa namakara, kandi

ifite ibiranga gukura, kwiringirwa n'umutekano.Iri koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga, hamwe na tekinoroji yo kubyara ingufu za biomass

ya 15%, 40% cyangwa niyo 100% ihuza.Imirimo irashobora gukorwa mubice bitagaragara kandi ikaguka buhoro buhoro kugirango igere ku ntego ya CO2 yimbitse

kugabanya ibyuka bya ultra supercritical parameter + biomass ihujwe no gutwikwa + gushyushya uturere.

2. Kwiyitirira amavuta ya biomass no gushyigikira sisitemu yo gufasha

Ibicanwa bya biyomasi birangwa n’amazi menshi, umwuka wa ogisijeni mwinshi, ingufu nke n’agaciro gake, bigabanya imikoreshereze yacyo nka lisansi na

bigira ingaruka mbi muburyo bwiza bwo guhindura ibintu.Mbere ya byose, ibikoresho bibisi birimo amazi menshi, bizadindiza reaction ya pyrolysis,

gusenya ituze ryibicuruzwa bya pyrolysis, kugabanya ituze ryibikoresho byo guteka, no kongera ingufu za sisitemu.Kubwibyo,

ni nkenerwa kwitegura lisansi ya biomass mbere yo kuyikoresha.

Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya biomass irashobora kugabanya ubwiyongere bwikiguzi cyo gutwara no kubika biterwa ningufu nke za biomass

lisansi.Ugereranije no gukanika tekinoroji, guteka lisansi ya biomass mukirere cya inert no mubushyuhe runaka irashobora kurekura amazi na bimwe bihindagurika

ibintu muri biomass, kunoza ibiranga lisansi ya biomass, kugabanya O / C na O / H.Biyomasi yatetse yerekana hydrophobicity kandi byoroshye kuba

yajanjaguwe mo ibice byiza.Ubucucike bw'ingufu bwiyongereye, bufasha kuzamura imikorere no gukoresha neza biomass.

Kumenagura ni inzira yingenzi yo kwitegura gukoresha ingufu za biyomasi no kuyikoresha.Kuri biomass briquette, kugabanya ingano yubunini irashobora

ongera ubuso bwihariye hamwe no gufatana hagati yibice mugihe cyo kwikuramo.Niba ingano yingirakamaro ari nini cyane, bizagira ingaruka kubushyuhe

ya lisansi ndetse no kurekura ibintu bihindagurika, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku bwiza bwibicuruzwa.Mugihe kizaza, birashobora gufatwa nkubaka a

uruganda rutunganya amavuta ya biomass cyangwa hafi yumuriro wamashanyarazi guteka no kumenagura ibikoresho bya biomass.Igihugu “Gahunda yimyaka 13 yimyaka 5” nayo irerekana neza

hanze ko tekinoroji ya biyomass ikomeye ya lisansi izazamurwa, kandi buri mwaka ikoreshwa rya lisansi ya briquette izaba toni miliyoni 30.

Kubwibyo, bifite akamaro kanini kwiga cyane kandi byimbitse kwiga tekinoroji yo gutwika ibinyabuzima.

Ugereranije nimbaraga zisanzwe zumuriro, itandukaniro nyamukuru ryamashanyarazi ya biomass iri muri sisitemu yo gutanga amavuta ya biomass kandi bijyanye

tekinoroji yo gutwika.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho nyamukuru byo gutwika ingufu za biyomass mu Bushinwa, nk'umubiri utetse, byageze aho,

ariko haracyari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe muri sisitemu yo gutwara biomass.Imyanda yubuhinzi muri rusange ifite imiterere yoroshye cyane, hamwe nibikoreshwa muri

inzira yo kubyara amashanyarazi ni nini.Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rugomba gutegura sisitemu yo kwishyuza ukurikije ikoreshwa rya lisansi yihariye.Ngaho

ni ubwoko bwinshi bwibicanwa buraboneka, kandi kuvanga gukoresha ibicanwa byinshi bizaganisha kuri lisansi itaringaniye ndetse no kuzibira muri sisitemu yo kugaburira, hamwe na lisansi

imiterere yakazi imbere muri boiler ikunda guhindagurika.Turashobora gukoresha byimazeyo ibyiza byubuhanga bwo gutwika uburiri muri

guhuza ibicanwa, hanyuma ubanze utezimbere kandi utezimbere sisitemu yo gusuzuma no kugaburira ishingiye kumazi yo kuryama.

4 、 Ibyifuzo ku guhanga udushya no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya biomass

Bitandukanye n’andi masoko y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ribyara ingufu za biomass rizagira ingaruka gusa ku nyungu zubukungu, ntabwo

sosiyete.Muri icyo gihe, kubyara ingufu za biomass bisaba kandi kutangiza no kugabanya imyanda y’ubuhinzi n’amashyamba ndetse n’urugo

imyanda.Inyungu z’ibidukikije n’imibereho irarenze kure inyungu zayo.Nubwo inyungu zizanwa niterambere rya biomass

tekinoroji yo kubyara amashanyarazi ikwiye kubyemeza, ibibazo bimwe byingenzi bya tekiniki mubikorwa byo kubyara ingufu za biomass ntibishobora kuba byiza

byakemuwe kubera ibintu nkuburyo bwo gupima bidatunganijwe hamwe nubuziranenge bwa biomass ihujwe no kubyara amashanyarazi, imari ya leta idakomeye

inkunga, hamwe no kutagira iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinolojiya mishya, nizo mpamvu zo kugabanya iterambere ryamashanyarazi ya biomass

ikoranabuhanga, Kubwibyo, hakwiye gufatwa ingamba zifatika zo kuyiteza imbere.

(1) Nubwo kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga niterambere ryigenga byombi aribwo buryo nyamukuru bwo guteza imbere ingufu za biomass zo murugo

inganda zibyara, dukwiye kumenya neza ko niba dushaka kugira inzira yanyuma, tugomba kwihatira gufata inzira yiterambere ryigenga,

hanyuma uhore utezimbere tekinoroji yo murugo.Kuri iki cyiciro, ni uguteza imbere no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya biomass, kandi

tekinoroji imwe nubukungu bwiza irashobora gukoreshwa mubucuruzi;Hamwe no gutera imbere buhoro buhoro no gukura kwa biomass nkingufu nyamukuru kandi

tekinoroji ya biomass ikora, biomass izaba ifite uburyo bwo guhangana nigitoro cya fosile.

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umubare w'amasosiyete akora amashanyarazi, mugihe ashimangira imicungire yo kugenzura imishinga itanga ingufu za biomass.Ku bijyanye na lisansi

kugura, kwemeza ibikoresho bihagije kandi byujuje ubuziranenge bwibikoresho fatizo, kandi ushireho urufatiro rwo gukora neza kandi neza uruganda rwamashanyarazi.

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guhinduka, gushishikariza no gushyigikira iyubakwa ryintara-amasoko menshi yimyanda isukuye yubushyuhe bwo kwerekana ubushyuhe, no kugabanya agaciro

yimishinga ya biomass itanga amashanyarazi gusa ariko idashyuha.

(4) BECS

Dioxyde de carbone gufata no kubika, hamwe nibyiza bibiri byangiza imyuka ya karubone ningufu zitabogamye.BECCS ni igihe kirekire

tekinoroji yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bufite ubushakashatsi buke muri uru rwego.Nkigihugu kinini cyo gukoresha umutungo hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere,

Ubushinwa bugomba gushyira BECCS mu rwego rwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kongera ububiko bwa tekinike muri uru rwego.