Ibintu bitari byiza kuyobora imiyoboro yitwainsulator, hamwe na insulator nazo bita dielectrics.

Bafite imbaraga zo kurwanya cyane.Igisobanuro cya insulator: Ibintu bidatwara amashanyarazi byoroshye byitwa

insulator.Nta mipaka yuzuye iri hagatiinsulatorn'abayobora.

Ibiranga

Ibiranga insulator ni uko ibiciro byiza nibibi muri molekile bifatanye cyane,

kandi hari uduce duto cyane twashizwemo dushobora kugenda mubuntu.Inzira ya macroscopique yashizweho na

kugenda bifatwa nkibintu bitayobora.

Imyitwarire

Imikorere ya insulator igenwa nimyitwarire ya electron mubintu.Imyitwarire ya

electron muri kristu biterwa ningufu zingufu zubatswe.Ikintu gifite imiyoboro yuzuye ubusa

bande hamwe na valence yuzuye ni insulator.Itandukaniro ryingufu hagati yumurongo wumurongo

no hejuru ya bande ya bande (bande Iyo icyuho cyingufu ari kinini, ntigikora amashanyarazi munsi ya

amashanyarazi asanzwe.Kubintu bifite ingufu nkeya, nubwo ari insulator iyo ubushyuhe

ni hasi, iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, valent band ya electron ishimishwa numuyoboro uyobora, kandi nabo

izakora kandi amashanyarazi.Mubyongeyeho, iyo electron cyangwa umwobo kurwego rwumwanda mumwanya wa bande ni

ashimishijwe na bande ya conduction cyangwa bande ya valence, izanayobora amashanyarazi.

Imbaraga z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi

Imashini zikomeye zigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: kristalline na amorphous.Insulator nyirizina ntabwo yuzuye

kutayobora.Munsi yumurimo wumuriro wamashanyarazi, ibintu byiza nibibi imbere muri insulator

izacika ubusa kandi ihindurwe kubuntu, kandi imikorere ya insulation izasenywa.Iki kintu ni

bita dielectric breakdown.Imbaraga ntarengwa z'amashanyarazi ibikoresho bya dielectric bishobora kwihanganira byitwa

imbaraga zo gusenyuka imbaraga.