Imirongo yohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva mumashanyarazi zikagera kumashanyarazi hamwe n'imirongo ihuza sisitemu y'amashanyarazi muri rusange

bita imirongo yohereza.Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryohereza imirongo tuvuga uyu munsi ntabwo ari shyashya, kandi rishobora kugereranywa gusa kandi

ikoreshwa nyuma kurenza imirongo yacu isanzwe.Byinshi muri ubwo buhanga "bushya" burakuze kandi bukoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi yacu.Uyu munsi, rusange

uburyo bwo guhererekanya uburyo bwitwa "tekinoloji" yikoranabuhanga muri make kuburyo bukurikira:

Ikoranabuhanga rinini rya gride

"Imbaraga nini ya gride" bivuga sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ihuriweho, sisitemu ihuriweho cyangwa sisitemu ihuriweho na sisitemu ihuriweho n'imikoranire.

y'amashanyarazi menshi yaho cyangwa amashanyarazi yo mukarere.Imbaraga zahujwe na sisitemu ni ihuriro rihuza umubare muto

y'ibihuza hagati y'amashanyarazi y'akarere na gride y'igihugu;Sisitemu yimbaraga ihuriweho ifite ibiranga guhuza

gutegura no kohereza ukurikije amasezerano cyangwa amasezerano.Sisitemu ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi ntoya ihujwe na gride ya power kugirango ibangikanye

imikorere, ishobora gukora sisitemu yingufu zakarere.Sisitemu nyinshi zamashanyarazi zo mukarere zahujwe na gride ya power kugirango ikore ingufu zihuriweho

Sisitemu.Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ihuriweho na sisitemu yingufu zifite igenamigambi rihuriweho, kubaka ubumwe, kohereza hamwe no gukora.

Umuyoboro munini w'amashanyarazi ufite ibyingenzi biranga ultra-high voltage na ultra-high voltage yoherejwe, ubushobozi bwo kohereza cyane

no kohereza intera ndende.Urusobe rugizwe numuyoboro mwinshi wa AC wohereza amashanyarazi, ultra-high voltage AC yohereza kandi

umuyoboro wa ultra-high voltage umuyoboro wa AC, kimwe na ultra-high voltage umuyoboro wa DC hamwe numuyoboro mwinshi wa DC,

gukora sisitemu igezweho ya sisitemu ifite urwego, zone kandi isobanutse.

Imipaka yububasha buhebuje bwogukwirakwiza no kohereza intera ndende bifitanye isano nimbaraga zo gukwirakwiza bisanzwe hamwe nimbogamizi

y'umurongo hamwe na voltage urwego rujyanye.Urwego rwo hejuru rwumurongo wa voltage urwego, ninshi imbaraga karemano yanduza, niko umuraba muto

impedance, intera ihererekanya intera nini nini yo gukwirakwiza ni.Gukomera guhuza imiyoboro ya gride

cyangwa amashanyarazi yo mukarere ni.Ihungabana ryumuriro wose wamashanyarazi nyuma yo guhuza bifitanye isano nubushobozi bwa buri mashanyarazi kugirango ashyigikire buri

ibindi mugihe byananiranye, Nukuvuga ko, imbaraga nini zo guhanahana imirongo ihuza imirongo ya gride cyangwa amashanyarazi yo mukarere, niko guhuza,

na byinshi bihamye imikorere ya gride.

Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni umuyoboro w'itumanaho ugizwe na sitasiyo, sitasiyo yo gukwirakwiza, imirongo y'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi.Muri bo,

umubare munini wogukwirakwiza imirongo hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi wa voltage urwego hamwe nibisobanuro bihuye bigize umugongo wohereza imiyoboro ya

umuyoboro.Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wo mu karere bivuga umuyagankuba w'amashanyarazi manini afite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza, nk'intara esheshatu zo mu Bushinwa

amashanyarazi yo mu karere, aho buri mashanyarazi yo mukarere afite amashanyarazi manini yumuriro ningomero zamashanyarazi zoherejwe na biro ya gride.

Ikoranabuhanga ryogukwirakwiza

Ihame shingiro ryikoranabuhanga ryogukwirakwiza ni ugutezimbere imiyoborere yumurongo wogukwirakwiza, kugabanya intera iri hagati yicyiciro,

ongera intera yabatwara (buyobora) kandi wongere umubare wabatwara (buyobora, Nubukungu

tekinoroji yohereza ishobora kuzamura cyane imbaraga zogukwirakwiza bisanzwe, no kugenzura kwivanga kwa radio no gutakaza corona kuri an

urwego rwemewe, kugirango ugabanye umubare wogukwirakwiza, guhuza ubugari bwumuhanda wa koridoro, kugabanya imikoreshereze yubutaka, nibindi, no kunoza u

ubushobozi bwo kohereza.

Ibintu byingenzi biranga imirongo ya EHV AC yohereza ugereranije nimirongo isanzwe yohereza ni:

Uctor Icyiciro kiyobora ifata imiterere myinshi kandi ikongera umwanya wuyobora;

Kugabanya intera iri hagati yicyiciro.Kugirango wirinde umuzunguruko mugufi hagati yicyiciro cyatewe numuyaga uhuha wumuyaga uhindagurika, space ikoreshwa

gukosora intera iri hagati yicyiciro;

Structure Imiterere yinkingi n umunara idafite ikadiri igomba kwemerwa.

Umuyoboro wa 500kV Luobai I-umuzenguruko wa AC wakoresheje tekinoroji yo gukwirakwiza ni igice cya Luoping Baise igice cya 500kV

Umushinga wo gukwirakwiza no guhindura Tianguang IV.Ni ubwambere mubushinwa gukoresha ubwo buhanga ahantu hirengeye kandi birebire-

intera.Umushinga wo kohereza no guhindura amashanyarazi watangiye gukoreshwa muri Kamena 2005, kandi ubu uhagaze neza.

Ikoranabuhanga ryogukwirakwiza ntirishobora gusa guteza imbere ingufu zogukwirakwiza bisanzwe, ariko kandi rigabanya no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi

koridor na 27.4 mu kilometero, ishobora kugabanya neza umubare w’amashyamba, indishyi zikiri nto no gusenya amazu, hamwe

inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage.

Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwo mu majyepfo y’amashanyarazi burimo guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashanyarazi muri 500kV Guizhou Shibing i Guangdong

Xianlingshan, Yunnan 500kV Dehong nindi mishinga yo guhererekanya amashanyarazi no guhindura.

Ikwirakwizwa rya HVDC

Ikwirakwizwa rya HVDC biroroshye kumenya imiyoboro idahwitse;Nibyiza cyane kuruta kwanduza AC hejuru yintera ihambaye;

Umuhanda umwe wa koridor urashobora kohereza imbaraga zirenze AC, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi maremare maremare, imiyoboro ya sisitemu,

insinga ndende ya submarine cyangwa insinga zo munsi yubutaka mumijyi minini, itumanaho rya DC mumurongo wo gukwirakwiza, nibindi.

Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi agezweho mubusanzwe igizwe na ultra-high voltage, ultra-high voltage DC ikwirakwizwa na AC.UHV na UHV

Ikoranabuhanga rya DC rifite ibiranga intera ndende yoherejwe, ubushobozi bunini bwo kohereza, kugenzura byoroshye no kohereza byoroshye.

Ku mishinga yo kohereza DC ifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza amashanyarazi agera kuri 1000km nubushobozi bwo kohereza amashanyarazi atarenze miliyoni 3,

K 500kV ya voltage urwego rusanzwe rwemewe;Iyo ubushobozi bwo kohereza amashanyarazi burenze miliyoni 3 kWt kandi intera yohereza amashanyarazi irenze

1500km, urwego rwa voltage ya ± 600kV cyangwa hejuru yemewe muri rusange;Iyo intera yoherejwe ireshya na kilometero 2000, ni ngombwa kubitekerezaho

urwego rwinshi rwa voltage kugirango ukoreshe byuzuye umutungo wa koridor, kugabanya umubare wogukwirakwiza no kugabanya igihombo.

Ikoranabuhanga rya HVDC ni ugukoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki zifite ingufu nyinshi, nka voltage nini cyane ya thyristor, silicon ya rotoff

GTO, inzugi zifunguye bipolar transistor IGBT nibindi bice kugirango bikore ibikoresho byo gukosora no guhinduranya kugirango bigere kuri voltage nyinshi, intera ndende

amashanyarazi.Ikoranabuhanga rijyanye naryo rikoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki, tekinoroji ya microelectronics, tekinoroji yo kugenzura mudasobwa, shyashya

ibikoresho byo kubika, fibre optique, superconductivity, kwigana hamwe na sisitemu ya sisitemu, kugenzura no gutegura.

Sisitemu yo kohereza HVDC ni sisitemu igoye igizwe nitsinda rya valve rihindura, impinduka ihindura, DC iyungurura, reaktori yoroshye, imiyoboro ya DC

umurongo, akayunguruzo k'amashanyarazi kuruhande rwa AC no kuruhande rwa DC, ibikoresho byindishyi zingufu zidasanzwe, DC ihindura, ibikoresho byo kurinda no kugenzura, ibikoresho byunganira na

ibindi bice (sisitemu).Igizwe ahanini na sitasiyo ebyiri zihindura hamwe na DC yohereza imiyoboro, ihujwe na sisitemu ya AC kumpera zombi.

Tekinoroji yibanze yo kohereza DC yibanze kubikoresho bya sitasiyo.Sitasiyo ihindura imenyekanisha ihinduka rya DC na

AC.Sitasiyo ihindura ikubiyemo sitasiyo ikosora na sitasiyo ya inverter.Sitasiyo ikosora ihindura ibyiciro bitatu AC imbaraga za DC imbaraga, na

inverter station ihindura imbaraga za DC kuva kumurongo wa DC mumashanyarazi ya AC.Guhindura valve nibikoresho byingenzi kugirango tumenye ihinduka hagati ya DC na AC

muri sitasiyo ihindura.Mubikorwa, uhindura azabyara-murwego rwohejuru ruhuza impande zombi za AC kuruhande rwa DC, bitera kwivanga guhuza,

igenzura ridahwitse ryibikoresho bihindura, ubushyuhe bukabije bwa generator na capacator, no kwivanga muri sisitemu yitumanaho.Kubwibyo, guhagarika

hagomba gufatwa ingamba.Akayunguruzo gashyizwe muri sitasiyo ihindura ya sisitemu ya DC kugirango ikure neza-ihuza neza.Usibye gukurura

guhuza, akayunguruzo kuruhande rwa AC nayo itanga imbaraga zifatika zifatika, DC kuruhande rwayunguruzo rukoresha reaction yoroshye kugirango igabanye guhuza.

Sitasiyo

Ikwirakwizwa rya UHV

UHV ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi ifite ibiranga ubushobozi bunini bwo kohereza amashanyarazi, intera ndende yohereza amashanyarazi, gukwirakwiza kwinshi, umurongo wo kuzigama

koridoro, igihombo gito cyohereza, no kugera kumurongo mugari wibikoresho byo gutezimbere.Irashobora gukora umugongo wa gride ya UHV imbaraga

grid ukurikije gukwirakwiza ingufu, imiterere yimitwaro, ubushobozi bwo kohereza, guhana ingufu nibindi bikenewe.

UHV AC na UHV DC kwanduza bifite inyungu zabo bwite.Mubisanzwe, UHV AC yohereza ikwiranye na gride yo kubaka amashanyarazi menshi

urwego no kwambukiranya uturere duhuza imirongo kugirango tunoze ituze rya sisitemu;Ikwirakwizwa rya UHV DC rikwiranye nubushobozi bunini intera ndende

guhererekanya amashanyarazi manini n’amashanyarazi manini akoreshwa n’amakara kugirango azamure ubukungu bwubwubatsi bwumurongo.

Umurongo wohereza UHV AC ni uwumurongo muremure umwe, urangwa nuko kurwanya, inductance, capacitance hamwe nimyitwarire

kumurongo urakomeza kandi uringaniye kumurongo wose wohereza.Mugihe muganira kubibazo, ibiranga amashanyarazi ya

umurongo usobanurwa nuburwanya r1, inductance L1, capacitance C1 hamwe nimyitwarire ya g1 kuburebure.Ibiranga inzitizi

no gukwirakwiza coefficient yumurongo muremure woherejwe akenshi bikoreshwa mukugereranya ubushake bwimikorere yumurongo wa EHV.

Sisitemu yohereza ibintu byoroshye

Sisitemu yohereza ibintu byoroshye (FACTS) ni uburyo bwo kohereza AC bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya kijyambere rya elegitoroniki, tekinoroji ya microelectronics,

tekinoroji yitumanaho hamwe nubuhanga bugezweho bwo kugenzura kugirango bihindurwe kandi byihuse kandi bigenzure kandi bigenzure ingufu zamashanyarazi nibipimo bya sisitemu yingufu,

kongera sisitemu yo kugenzura no kunoza ubushobozi bwo kohereza.Ikoranabuhanga rya FACTS nubuhanga bushya bwo kohereza AC, buzwi kandi nka flexible

(cyangwa byoroshye) tekinoroji yo kugenzura.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya FACTS ntishobora kugenzura gusa ingufu z'amashanyarazi murwego runini no kubona

gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi meza, ariko kandi byongera imbaraga za sisitemu yingufu, bityo bikazamura ubushobozi bwo kohereza umurongo.

Ikoranabuhanga rya FACTS rikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza kugira ngo ingufu ziyongere.Yitwa uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza AC DFACTS ya

sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza cyangwa ingufu z'umuguzi w'ikoranabuhanga CPT.Mubitabo bimwe, byitwa tekinoroji yububasha ihamye cyangwa imbaraga zabigenewe

ikoranabuhanga.