Ingingo z'ubumenyi:

Imashanyarazi yamashanyarazi nibikoresho byingenzi byo kugenzura no kurinda amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi.Ntishobora guca gusa no gufunga ibintu bitaremereye

hanyuma ukore imashanyarazi yumuzunguruko mwinshi, ariko kandi ufatanye nigikoresho cyo gukingira hamwe nigikoresho cyikora kugirango uhagarike vuba amakosa yikibazo mugihe

byo kunanirwa na sisitemu, kugirango bigabanye urugero rwo kunanirwa kw'amashanyarazi, gukumira kwaguka kw'impanuka, no kwemeza imikorere ya sisitemu.Kuva kare

1990, amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi muri sisitemu yamashanyarazi hejuru ya 35kV mubushinwa yasimbuwe buhoro buhoro na SF6 yamashanyarazi,.

1 principle Ihame shingiro ryumuzunguruko

Inzitizi zumuzunguruko nigikoresho cyoguhindura imashini zishobora gusimburwa, gufunga, kwihanganira no kumenagura imizigo mubihe bisanzwe byumuzunguruko,

kandi irashobora kandi kwihanganira no kumena amakosa yibihe mubihe bidasanzwe byumuzunguruko mugihe cyagenwe.Icyumba kizimya arc nimwe muribyinshi

ibice byingenzi byumuzunguruko, bishobora kuzimya arc yakozwe mugihe cyo gutangiza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi no gukora neza.

ya sisitemu y'ingufu.Ihame rya arc-kuzimya umuyagankuba mwinshi wumuzunguruko wa AC ugenwa nuburyo bukoreshwa.Gutandukanya ibintu bitandukanye

itangazamakuru rizemera amahame atandukanye yo kuzimya.Ihame rimwe-kuzimya arc rishobora kugira imiterere itandukanye ya arc-kuzimya.Arc-

kuzimya icyumba cya SF6 yameneka yamashanyarazi ahanini arimo ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko bwumuyaga-mwuka nubwoko bwimbaraga.Kuzimya ikirere arc kuzimya

urugereko rwuzuyemo 0 Kuri gaze ya SF6 ya 45MPa (20 pressure umuvuduko wa gauge), mugihe cyo gufungura, icyumba cya compressor gikora ingendo ugereranije

piston ihagaze, na gaze mucyumba cya compressor irahagarikwa, ikora itandukaniro ryumuvuduko na gaze hanze ya silinderi.Umuvuduko mwinshi

Gazi ya SF6 ihuha cyane arc binyuze muri nozzle, guhatira arc kuzimya mugihe ikigezweho cyanyuze kuri zeru.Gufungura bimaze kurangira, igitutu

itandukaniro rizashira vuba, kandi igitutu imbere no hanze compressor izagaruka kuringaniza.Kuberako piston ihagaze ifite cheque

valve, itandukaniro ryumuvuduko iyo gufunga ni bito cyane.Imiterere yibanze yimbaraga-arc kuzimya urugereko rugizwe ningenzi nyamukuru, static

arc guhuza, nozzle, compressor chambre, dinamike arc ihuza, silinderi, icyumba cyo kwagura amashyuza, valve yumuhanda umwe, icyumba gifasha compressor, igitutu

kugabanya valve nigitutu kigabanya isoko.Mugihe cyo gufungura, uburyo bwo gukora butwara uruziga rwimbere hamwe nintoki yimbere

mu nkunga, bityo gukurura inkoni ikingira, inkoni ya piston, icyumba cya compressor, kwimuka arc guhuza, guhuza nyamukuru na nozzle kugirango bimuke.Iyo

urutoki ruhuza urutoki kandi nyamukuru ihuza iratandukanye, ikigezweho kiracyatemba kuri static arc guhuza no kwimuka arc itandukanijwe.

Iyo kwimuka no guhagarara arc guhuza bitandukanijwe, arc ikorwa hagati yabo.Mbere yuko static arc ihuza itandukana numuhogo wa nozzle,

ubushyuhe bwinshi buterwa no gutwikwa arc Gazi yumuvuduko mwinshi yinjira mucyumba cya compressor ikavanga na gaze ikonje irimo, bityo ikiyongera

igitutu mucyumba cya compressor.Nyuma yo guhuza static arc itandukanijwe numuhogo wa nozzle, gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi mubyumba bya compressor ni

yasohotse mu muhogo wa nozzle no kwimuka arc guhuza umuhogo mu byerekezo byombi kugirango uzimye arc.Mugihe cyo gusoza, uburyo bwo gukora

yimuka mu cyerekezo cya static ihuza hamwe na traffic igenda, nozzle na piston, hamwe na static ihuza byinjizwa mumwanya wimuka kugirango ukore

kwimuka na static bihuza bifite amashanyarazi meza, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo gufunga, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.

 
2 、 Itondekanya ryamashanyarazi

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Nubwo arc-kuzimya uburyo bwa buri cyuma cyumuzunguruko kiratandukanye, akazi kabo ni kamwe, ni ukuzimya arc yakozwe na

kumena inzitizi mugihe cyo gufungura, kugirango tumenye neza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.

1) Kumena amavuta yamashanyarazi: koresha amavuta nkuburyo bwo kuzimya arc.Iyo arc yaka mumavuta, amavuta arabora vuba kandi akayuka munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi

ya arc, kandi ikora ibibyimba bikikije arc, bishobora gukonjesha neza arc, kugabanya imiyoboro ya arc, no guteza imbere arc kuzimya.Arc-

igikoresho cyo kuzimya (chambre) gishyirwa mumavuta yamashanyarazi kugirango itumanaho hagati yamavuta na arc, kandi igitutu cyinshi cyiyongera.Iyo nozzle

icyumba kizimya arc cyafunguwe, gaze, amavuta na peteroli bigizwe numugezi wumwuka nu mazi.Ukurikije imiterere yihariye ya arc-kuzimya ibikoresho,

arc irashobora guhuha perpendicular kuri arc itambitse, ibangikanye na arc igihe kirekire, cyangwa igahuzwa ihagaritse kandi itambitse, kugirango ishyire mubikorwa bikomeye kandi byiza

arc guhuha kuri arc, bityo byihutisha inzira ya deionisation, kugabanya igihe cya arcing, no kunoza ubushobozi bwo kumeneka kumashanyarazi.

2) Gucomeka kumashanyarazi yamenetse: inzira yo kuzimya arc yarangiye muri nozzle yihariye.Nozzle ikoreshwa mukubyara umuvuduko mwinshi wo guhumeka arc

kugirango uzimye arc.Iyo icyuma cyumuzunguruko kimennye uruziga, umuvuduko mwinshi wumuyaga uterwa numwuka ucanye ntabwo ukuraho gusa umubare munini

ubushyuhe mu cyuho cya arc, bityo bikagabanya ubushyuhe bwikinyuranyo cya arc bikabuza iterambere ryitandukanya ryumuriro, ariko kandi bikuraho bitaziguye umubare munini

ya ion nziza kandi itari nziza mu cyuho cya arc, kandi yuzuza icyuho cyo guhuza umwuka mwiza wumuvuduko mwinshi, kugirango imbaraga zicyuho zishobora kugarurwa vuba.

Kubwibyo, ugereranije namavuta yamashanyarazi yamenetse, icyuma gikonjesha cyumuyaga gifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kumeneka nigikorwa cyihuse Kumena igihe ni gito, kandi

ubushobozi bwo kumena ntibuzagabanuka muburyo bwikora.

3) Vacuum yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi: koresha vacuum nka insulation hamwe na arc kuzimya arc.Iyo icyuma kizunguruka cyaciwe, arc yaka mumyuka yicyuma

byakozwe nibikoresho byitumanaho bya vacuum arc kuzimya icyumba, bita vacuum arc kubugufi.Iyo vacuum arc yaciwe, kuko i

umuvuduko nubucucike imbere no hanze yinkingi ya arc biratandukanye cyane, imyuka yicyuma hamwe nuduce duto duto twinshi muri arc inkingi bizakomeza gukwirakwira hanze.

Imbere yimbere yinkingi ya arc iri murwego rwo kuringaniza rwikwirakwizwa ryimbere ryikwirakwizwa ryimyanya ndangagitsina hamwe no guhumeka guhoraho kwingingo nshya.

Kuva kuri electrode.Mugihe ikigezweho kigabanuka, ubucucike bwumwuka wibyuma nubucucike bwibice byashizwemo bigabanuka, amaherezo bikabura iyo umuyaga uri hafi

kuri zeru, kandi arc irasohoka.Muri iki gihe, ibice bisigaye byinkingi ya arc bikomeza gukwirakwira hanze, nimbaraga za dielectric insulation hagati ya

kuvunika gukira vuba.Igihe cyose imbaraga za dielectric insulation zongeye gukira vuba kurenza imbaraga za voltage yo kuzamuka umuvuduko, arc izazimya.

4) Kumena amashanyarazi ya SF6: gaze ya SF6 ikoreshwa nka insulation hamwe na arc kuzimya.SF6 gaze ninziza nziza arc kuzimya hamwe na thermochemie nziza kandi

amashanyarazi akomeye.

A. Thermochemie bivuze ko gaze ya SF6 ifite imiterere myiza yo gutwara ubushyuhe.Bitewe nubushyuhe bwinshi bwa gaze ya SF6 nubushyuhe bwinshi

gradient hejuru yubuso bwa arc mugihe cyo gutwika arc, ingaruka zo gukonjesha ni ingirakamaro, bityo diameter ya arc ni ntoya, ifasha arc

kuzimangana.Muri icyo gihe, SF6 ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo gutandukanya ubushyuhe muri arc no kubora bihagije.Hano hari umubare munini wa monomer

S, F hamwe na ion zabo muri arc hagati.Mugihe cyo gutwika arc, ingufu zatewe mu cyuho cya arc ya gride ya power iri munsi cyane yizunguruka

kumena hamwe numwuka namavuta nkibikoresho bizimya arc.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byo guhuza ntibitwikwa kandi arc biroroshye kuzimya.

B. Ingaruka mbi ya gaze ya SF6 nuburyo bukomeye bwa molekile ya gaze cyangwa atome kubyara ion mbi.Electron zakozwe na arc ionisation irakomeye

byamamajwe na gaze ya SF6 hamwe na molekile ya halogene hamwe na atome zatewe no kubora, bityo umuvuduko wibice byashizwemo ukagabanuka cyane, kandi

kuberako ion mbi na ion nziza bigabanuka byoroshye kuri molekile zidafite aho zibogamiye.Kubwibyo, kubura kwimikorere mumwanya muto ni byinshi

byihuse.Imikorere yikinyuranyo cya arc igabanuka vuba, itera arc kuzimya.

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icyuma cyumuzunguruko, imikorere yimikorere ya pneumatike yamashanyarazi, uburyo bwo gukora amasoko yamashanyarazi hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa na magnetiki

kumena inzitizi.

.Kumena imirongo myinshi yamashanyarazi iragabanijwe

mumashanyarazi yamashanyarazi hamwe kuringaniza capacitor hamwe na break break yamashanyarazi ataringaniza capacitor.

3 structure Imiterere shingiro yamashanyarazi

Imiterere shingiro yumuzunguruko wumuzingi ikubiyemo ahanini shingiro, imikorere yimikorere, uburyo bwo kohereza, ibikoresho byo gushyigikira insulasiyo, ibice bimena, nibindi.

Imiterere shingiro yimiterere isanzwe yumuzingi irerekanwa mumashusho.

Guhagarika ibintu: Nibice byingenzi bigize ibice byumuzingi kugirango uhuze kandi uhagarike uruziga.

Ikwirakwizwa ryikintu: kwimura ibikorwa byamabwiriza nigikorwa kinetic imbaraga kumurongo wimuka.

Gutera inkunga yibikoresho: shyigikira umubiri umena uruziga, kwihanganira imbaraga zimbaraga nimbaraga zinyuranye zo kumena ibintu, kandi urebe neza ubutaka

kwigana ibintu bimena.

Uburyo bukoreshwa: bukoreshwa mugutanga ingufu zo gufungura no gufunga.

Shingiro: ikoreshwa mugushigikira no gukosora inzitizi zumuzingi.