Ubona gute ukoresheje ibisasu bya grafite mugihe 30% by'amashanyarazi muri Uzubekisitani byangiritse?

Ni izihe ngaruka z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi wa Ukraine?

Vuba aha, Perezida Ze wa Ukraine yavuze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ko kuva ku ya 10 Ukwakira, 30% by'amashanyarazi ya Ukraine yangiritse,

biganisha ku mwijima munini mu gihugu hose.

Ingaruka zo guhagarika imyigaragambyo kuri sisitemu y’ingufu za Ukraine nazo zabanje kugaragara.Amakuru afatika arerekanwa mumashusho hepfo.

Ibara ry'umutuku ku ishusho ryerekana ibyangiritse, ibara ry'umukara ryerekana imbaraga zananiranye mukarere, naho igicucu kigereranya

ibibazo bikomeye byo gutanga amashanyarazi mukarere.

Imibare irerekana ko Ukraine izatanga amashanyarazi angana na miliyari 141.3 kWh mu 2021, harimo miliyari 47.734 kWh yo gukoresha inganda

na miliyari 34,91 kWh kugirango zikoreshwe gutura.

30% by'amashanyarazi yarasenyutse, yongeraho "ibyobo" byinshi mumashanyarazi asanzwe yoroshye yo muri Ukraine, kandi rwose afite

guhinduka “urushundura rwo kuroba”.

Ingaruka zingana iki?Niyihe ntego yo gusenya ingufu za Ukraine?Ubona gute ukoresheje intwaro zica nka bombe ya grafite?

Nk’uko amakuru akomeza abivuga, nyuma y’ibitero byinshi, ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu muri Kiev bigenda binanirwa buhoro buhoro, kandi Uburusiya bwaragaragaye cyane

yagabanije ubushobozi bw’ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi bya Ukraine byo kugeza amashanyarazi mu nganda n’inganda za gisirikare.

Mubyukuri, ni uguhagarika amashanyarazi kubigo bya gisirikare, aho kubisenya no kumugara.Kubwibyo, birashobora gukekwa ko

ntabwo arintwaro yangwa cyane ikoreshwa, kuko niba hakoreshejwe ibisasu bya grafite nizindi ntwaro zangiza, ingufu za Ukraine zose

Sisitemu irashobora gusenywa.

Birashobora kandi kugaragara ko igitero cy’ingabo z’Uburusiya kuri sisitemu y’ingufu za Ukraine, ahanini, ari igitero gifunze kandi gifite ingufu nke.

Nkuko twese tubizi, amashanyarazi ningufu zingirakamaro mugutezimbere ubukungu.Mubyukuri, amashanyarazi agira uruhare runini mukumenya

ibizava mu ntambara.

 

Intambara nimbaraga nyayo itwara igisimba.Bisaba imbaraga zingahe kugirango dutsinde intambara?

Intambara isaba gukoresha intwaro, kandi gukenera amashanyarazi mu ntwaro za kijyambere ni kure ya radiyo ishaje ishobora kuba

kunyurwa na bateri nkeya zumye, ariko bisaba gutanga ingufu zikomeye kandi zihamye.

Fata indege zitwara indege urugero, gukoresha ingufu zitwara indege bihwanye nogukoresha ingufu zose nkeya

umujyi.Fata nk'indege ya Liaoning nk'urugero, imbaraga zose zishobora kugera ku mbaraga za 300000 (hafi kilowati 220000),

irashobora gutanga amashanyarazi mumujyi urimo abantu bagera ku 200000 kandi igatanga ubushyuhe mugihe cyitumba, mugihe ingufu zindege za kirimbuzi

abatwara ibintu birenze kure uru rwego.

Urundi rugero nubuhanga bugezweho bwa electronique.Umutwaro w'amashanyarazi ya tekinoroji yo gusohora amashanyarazi

ni nini cyane.Imbaraga zo kwishyiriraho indege nini zitwara ubwato iyo zihaguruka ni kilowati 3100, bisaba hafi 4000

kilowatts y'amashanyarazi, harimo no gutakaza.Iyi mashanyarazi ikoreshwa ihwanye na 3600 1.5 imbaraga zumuyaga

gutangira icyarimwe.

 

“Imbaraga Zica” mu Ntambara - Graphite Bomb

Mu ntambara ya Kosovo mu 1999, ingabo zirwanira mu kirere za NATO zagabye igitero gishya cya bombe fibre fibre, yagabye igitero kuri

Repubulika ya Yugosilaviya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.Umubare munini wa karuboni fibre yatatanye hejuru ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, itera igihe gito

kuzunguruka no kunanirwa kwa sisitemu.Igihe kimwe, 70% by'uturere twa Yugosilaviya twaraciwe, bituma umuhanda w'ikibuga cy'indege utakaza

kumurika, sisitemu ya mudasobwa kumugara, nubushobozi bwitumanaho kubura.

 

Mu gikorwa cya gisirikare cya “Ubutayu” mu ntambara yo mu kigobe, Navy Amerika yarashe misile zo mu bwoko bwa “Tomahawk” ziva mu bwato bw'intambara,

cruisers, gusenya no gutera ubwoko bwubwato bwa kirimbuzi, hanyuma batera ibisasu bya grafite kumurongo wohereza amashanyarazi mumijyi myinshi

muri Iraki, bigatuma byibuze 85% bya sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi muri Iraki bimugara.

 

Bombe ya grafite ni iki?Graphite igisasu ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa bombe, bukoreshwa cyane mugukemura amashanyarazi yo mumijyi

n'imirongo yo guhindura.Irashobora kandi kwitwa bombe yamashanyarazi, kandi irashobora kwitwa "power killer".

 

Ibisasu bya graphite mubisanzwe bitabwa nindege zintambara.Umubiri wibisasu bikozwe muburyo budasanzwe bwa fibre fibre fibre hamwe na a

diameter y'ibihumbi bike gusa bya santimetero.Iyo ituritse hejuru ya sisitemu yo mumijyi, irashobora kurekura umubare munini

ya karubone.

 

Iyo fibre ya karubone imaze gushyirwa kumurongo ugaragara hejuru yumuriro wamashanyarazi cyangwa guhinduranya insimburangingo nizindi mbaraga

ibikoresho byohereza, bizatera umuzenguruko mugufi hagati ya electrode nini cyane.Nka imbaraga zikomeye zumuzunguruko

imyuka ikoresheje fibre ya grafite, havuka arc, kandi fibre ya grafite ya fibre itwikiriye ibikoresho byamashanyarazi,

byongera ingaruka zo kwangirika kwinzira ngufi.

 

Hanyuma, amashanyarazi yibasiwe azamugara, bitera amashanyarazi manini.

Ibirimo bya karubone ya fibre yuzuye yuzuye ibisasu byabanyamerika birenga 99%, mugihe ibya karubone byuzuye

Ubushinwa bwateje imbere ibisasu bya karuboni fibre bifite ingaruka zimwe birasabwa kuba hejuru ya 90%.Mubyukuri, byombi bifite kimwe

imbaraga zo gukora iyo zikoreshwa mugusenya sisitemu yimbaraga zumwanzi.

 

Intwaro za gisirikare ziterwa cyane n'amashanyarazi.Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi imaze kwangirika, societe izaba imeze kimwe cya kabiri cyamugaye,

nibikoresho bimwe byingenzi bya gisirikare byamakuru nabyo bizabura imirimo.Kubwibyo, uruhare rwa sisitemu yimbaraga muri

intambara ni ngombwa cyane.Inzira nziza yo kurinda sisitemu yingufu ni "kwirinda intambara".