Guhuza imiyoboro y’umushinga w’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga wa Qazaqistan washojwe n’amasosiyete y’Abashinwa bizorohereza igitutu cy’amashanyarazi mu majyepfo ya Kazakisitani

Ingufu z'amashanyarazi zifite ibyiza byo guhinduka byoroshye, guhererekanya ubukungu, no kugenzura byoroshye.Kubwibyo, muri iki gihe, cyaba umusaruro w’inganda n’ubuhinzi cyangwa kubaka ingabo z’igihugu cyangwa no mu buzima bwa buri munsi, amashanyarazi yagiye yinjira mu bice byose by’ibikorwa by’abantu.Amashanyarazi yo kubyazwa umusaruro akorwa ninganda zamashanyarazi, kandi ingufu zamashanyarazi zigomba kongererwa imbaraga nintambwe yo kuzamuka kuri voltage nini ya kilovolts magana (nka 110 ~ 200kv), itwarwa numurongo wohereza amashanyarazi menshi mumashanyarazi- ahantu ho kumara, hanyuma ukwirakwizwa na substation.Kuri buri mukoresha.

Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ni yose itanga amashanyarazi, gutanga no gukoresha bigizwe n'amashanyarazi, imirongo yohereza amashanyarazi, imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza n'abakoresha.

Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi: Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni umuhuza hagati y'amashanyarazi n'abakoresha, kandi ni igikoresho cyohereza kandi kigakwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi.Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugizwe no gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza imirongo hamwe na sisitemu ifite urwego rutandukanye rwa voltage, kandi akenshi igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: umuyoboro wohereza no gukwirakwiza ukurikije imirimo yabo.Umuyoboro wogukwirakwiza ugizwe numurongo wohereza wa 35kV no hejuru hamwe nubuso bujyanye nayo.Numuyoboro nyamukuru wa sisitemu yingufu.Igikorwa cyayo ni ugukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi kumurongo wo gukwirakwiza mu turere dutandukanye cyangwa mu buryo butaziguye abakoresha imishinga minini.Umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza ugizwe n'imirongo yo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza impinduka za 10kV no munsi, kandi umurimo wacyo ni ugutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi kubakoresha batandukanye.

Substation: Substation ni ihuriro ryo kwakira no gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi no guhindura voltage, kandi ni imwe mu masano y'ingenzi hagati y’amashanyarazi n’abakoresha.Substation igizwe na transformateur yingufu, ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi murugo no hanze, kurinda relay, ibikoresho bikora hamwe na sisitemu yo gukurikirana.Hindura ingingo zose zo gutera intambwe no kumanuka.Intambwe-ntambwe isanzwe ihujwe ninganda nini nini.Transformateur-intambwe yashyizwe mugice cyamashanyarazi cyurugomero rwamashanyarazi kugirango yongere ingufu zumuriro wamashanyarazi kandi yohereze ingufu zamashanyarazi kure binyuze mumashanyarazi menshi.Intambwe yamanutse iherereye mu kigo gikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi n’umuvuduko mwinshi wagabanutse mu buryo bukwiye kugira ngo utange amashanyarazi ku bakoresha muri ako karere.Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, insimburangingo irashobora kugabanywamo ibice byambere (hub) nubundi buryo bwa kabiri.Ibice byinganda ninganda birashobora kugabanywamo ibice rusange byamanutse (ibigo bikuru) hamwe nu mahugurwa.
Amasomo y'amahugurwa yakira ingufu ziva kumurongo wa 6 ~ 10kV zogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mukarere ka ruganda zivuye mumasoko nyamukuru yamanutse, kandi bikagabanya ingufu za voltage nkeya 380 / 220v kugirango itange amashanyarazi kubikoresho byose byamashanyarazi.