一 、 Ibikoresho nyamukuru byumurongo wogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi:

Umurongo w'amashanyarazi ni ikigo cyingufu zikoresha insulator hamwe nibikoresho bijyanye kugirango uhagarike abayobora no hejuru

insinga z'ubutaka ku nkingi no ku minara, guhuza amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, no kugera ku ntego yo kohereza amashanyarazi.Ahanini

igizwe nuyobora, insinga zubutaka hejuru, insulator, ibyuma, umunara, umusingi, igikoresho cyo hasi, nibindi.

1. Umuyobora: imikorere yacyo ni ugukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi.Umuyoboro wumurongo agomba kuba afite imiyoboro myiza, imashini ihagije

imbaraga, kunyeganyega umunaniro no kurwanya kwangirika kwimyanda ihumanya ikirere.Bizaba ubwoko bwuyobora

igizwe n'abayobora babiri cyangwa bane kuri buri cyiciro.

2. Umugozi wubutaka hejuru: ahanini ukoreshwa mukurinda inkuba.Bitewe no gukingira insinga zubutaka hejuru kubayobora na

guhuza hagati yuyobora nu nsinga zubutaka hejuru, amahirwe yumurabyo akubita kiyobora arashobora kugabanuka.Igihe

inkuba ikubita umunara, igice cyumurabyo gishobora kunyuzwa mumurongo wubutaka hejuru, bityo bikagabanya hejuru yumunara

ubushobozi no kuzamura inkuba kwihanganira urwego.Umugozi wubutaka bwo hejuru usanzwe ushyirwa mubyuma.Kuri ubu, ni byiza

imiyoboro nk'icyuma gisize aluminiyumu hamwe na aluminiyumu yambaye ibyuma akenshi bikoreshwa mukugabanya ingufu zumuriro mwinshi

na arc ya kabiri arc mugihe habaye asimmetrike ngufi.Umugozi wa optique ukomatanya hejuru yubutaka ugomba gukoreshwa kubafite

imikorere y'itumanaho.

3. Insulator: Yerekeza ku kintu gikosora kandi gihagarika umuyobozi ku munara.Insulator zisanzwe kumirongo yohereza amashanyarazi

shyiramo: inseri ya disikuru, disiki yikirahure hamwe ninkoni ihagarikwa.

.

kubungabunga.Mugihe habaye inkuba hamwe na flashover yanduye, biroroshye gutera impanuka zo guta umurongo, zagiye zivaho.

.Nta bugenzuzi

isabwa kubungabunga.Mugihe cyo guturika kwikirahure cyarakaye, imbaraga zacyo zisigaye ziracyagera kuri 80% ya

kumena imbaraga, kandi imikorere yumurongo irashobora gukomeza kuboneka.Mugihe habaye inkuba no guhumanya umwanda, ntihazabaho

impanuka yo guta urunigi.Yakoreshejwe henshi mu cyiciro cya I na II.

.

imbaraga, kubungabunga bike, nibindi, kandi byakoreshejwe cyane mu cyiciro cya III no hejuru y’ahantu handuye.

4. Ibyuma

Ibikoresho byohereza amashanyarazi birashobora kugabanywamo: ubwoko bwa clamp, ibyuma bihuza, ibyuma bihuza, ibyuma birinda no gukurura insinga

ibikoresho ukurikije imikorere yabo nyamukuru no gukoresha.

.

umugozi wubutaka hejuru kumurongo wubutaka bwumutwe wa tangent pole numunara.

Clamp clamp: ikoreshwa mugukosora kiyobora cyangwa umugozi wubutaka hejuru yumurongo wa insuliranteri ya ankoring.Hariho ibyiciro bitatu

ya clamp clamp, aribyo: ubwoko bwa bolt clamps;Ubwoko bwo kwikuramo clamp clamp;Umuhengeri.Ubwoko bwa Bolt clamp clamp: ikoreshwa mugukosora

kiyobora n'ingaruka zo guterana zatewe n'umuvuduko uhagaritse wa U-shusho ya U na groove ya clamp ya clamp.Ubwoko bwo kwikuramo

impagarara za tension: igizwe na aluminiyumu hamwe nicyuma.Icyuma cyuma gikoreshwa muguhuza no guhambira ibyuma byicyuma

amabara ya aluminiyumu, hanyuma utwikire umubiri wa aluminiyumu kugirango uhindure ibyuma bya pulasitiki ukoresheje igitutu, kugirango insinga zifate

nuyobora ahujwe muri rusange.Iyo ingufu za hydraulic zikoreshejwe, hazakoreshwa ifu yicyuma hamwe nibisobanuro bihuye

yo kwikuramo hamwe na hydraulic.Iyo igitutu giturika gikoreshejwe, clamp ya wire hamwe nuyobora (insinga yo hejuru)

gukanda muri rusange hakoreshejwe igitutu cyambere giturika cyangwa igitutu cya kabiri giturika.

Clamp clamp: ikoreshwa mugushiraho umugozi wibyuma no kwizirika insinga zo kuguma kumurongo wubutaka hejuru no kuguma umunara.Ikoresha imbaraga zo gutandukanya wedge

gufunga umugozi wibyuma muri clamp.

.

wire clamp n'umunara.Ibyuma bikoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa birimo umupira umanika impeta, igikono cyo kumanika isahani, impeta U-imanitse,

inguni iburyo imanika isahani, nibindi

.Byarangiye

Ibikoresho byo guhuza birimo: ibyuma bihuza igitutu, ibyuma bihuza hydraulic, ibikoresho bya bolt, ibyuma biturika

guhuza ibikoresho.

.

Spacer ikoreshwa muguhashya ibinyeganyega;Gukingira impeta nimpeta zikoreshwa mukurinda umugozi wa insulator kuri corona.

.Icyuma gifata insinga, kandi kabiri

gukurura insinga ihuza isahani, nibindi

5. Umunara:

Iminara ikoreshwa mugushigikira umurongo wo hejuru hamwe ninsinga zubutaka hejuru, no kwemeza ko hari intera ihagije yumutekano hagati

abayobora n'abayobora, hagati y'abayobora n'insinga z'ubutaka hejuru, hagati y'abayobora iminara, no hagati y'abayobora na

isi no kwambuka ibintu.

6. Urufatiro:

Urufatiro rukoreshwa cyane cyane muguhagarika umunara kandi rushobora kwihanganira imbaraga zo kuzamura, kumanuka no guhirika byatewe n'imitwaro itandukanye

y'umunara, umuyobozi nu nsinga yo hejuru.

Urufatiro rwabigenewe ruzakoreshwa ku nkingi no kuguma insinga.Shira mumwanya ushimangiwe shingiro cyangwa fondasiyo ifatika igomba

gukoreshwa mu munara w'icyuma.Niba bishoboka, fondasiyo idahungabanye igomba guhitamo.Harimo: umusingi wubutare, wagutse muburyo bwikirundo,

gukata (igice cyo gukata) umusingi, guturika kwagutse kurunda urufatiro no kurambirana ikirundo.

7. Igikoresho cyo hasi:

Igizwe ahanini nubutaka bwo hasi buhuza insinga zubutaka hejuru numubiri wubutaka (pole) washyinguwe mubutaka bwumunara.

Igikorwa nyamukuru cyibikoresho byo hasi ni ugukwirakwiza vuba no gusohora imirabyo yisi, kugirango ukomeze umurabyo runaka

ihangane urwego rwumurongo.Into ntoya irwanya umunara, niko inkuba ihanganira urwego.

二 in Amagambo yumurongo wogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi

1. Umwanya: intera itambitse hagati yiminara ibiri yegeranye, yitwa span, muri rusange igaragarira muri L.

2. Sag: kumurongo utambitse utambitse, intera ihagaritse hagati yumurongo uhuza utambitse hagati yibice bibiri byegeranye byahagaritswe

umuyobozi nu ngingo yo hasi yuyobora yitwa sag cyangwa sag.Byerekanwa na f.

3. Intera ntarengwa: intera ntoya hagati yuyobora nubutaka cyangwa ibikoresho byambutse.Intera ntarengwa yemewe kuva i

ingingo yo hasi yumurongo rusange uyobora kumurongo, mubisanzwe bigaragarira muri h.

4. Umwanya utambitse: kimwe cya kabiri cyumubare wibice bibiri byegeranye byitwa horizontal span, bikunze kugaragara nk.

5. Umwanya uhagaze: intera itambitse hagati yingingo zo hasi ziyobora hagati yimirongo ibiri yegeranye, bita vertical span na

ni Byagaragaye.

6. Umwanya uhagarariwe: mugice cyo guhagarika umutima, akenshi habaho imirongo myinshi usibye arc ihagaritse.Bitewe nubutaka butandukanye nibintu byubutaka

kurengana nuwayobora, ubunini bwa buri span ntabwo buringaniye, uburebure bwikibanza cyahagaritswe nuyobora nabyo biratandukanye, hamwe na stress ya

umuyobozi muri buri cyiciro nacyo kiratandukanye.Ariko, imihangayiko na sag ya kiyobora bifitanye isano ya hafi na span.Igihe ikiringo gihindutse ,.

guhangayika na sag byuyobora nabyo birahinduka.Niba buri span ibarwa umwe umwe, kubara imashini ya kiyobora bizagorana.Ariko,

abayobora icyiciro kimwe mugice cya tension bakomezanya hamwe mugihe cyo kubaka.Kubwibyo, umutambagiro utambitse wa kiyobora ni

bingana mubice byose byoguhagarika umutima, ni ukuvuga, imiyoborere iyobora kumurongo wo hasi wa sag ya buri span irangana.Turasimbuza impagarara nyinshi

igice hamwe nibitekerezo bisa.Ikiringo cyibitekerezo gishobora kwerekana amategeko yubukanishi yose yubushyamirane bwitwa guhagararira span cyangwa

bisanzwe, kandi ihagarariwe na LO.

7. Uburebure bwumunara: intera ihagaritse kuva hejuru cyane yumunara kugeza hasi, bita uburebure bw umunara.Byerekanwa na H1.

8. Uburebure bw'izina umunara: intera ihagaritse kuva kumaboko yo hasi yambukiranya umunara kugeza hasi yitwa umunara nominal uburebure, bwerekanwa

Kuri nkuburebure bwizina kandi bigaragarira muri H2.

9. Uburebure bwihagarikwa: intera ihagaritse kuva aho ihagarikwa ryumuyoboro kugeza hasi, aribyo bita uburebure bwihagarikwa

ingingo ya kiyobora kandi ihagarariwe na H3.

10. Umurongo kumurongo intera: intera itambitse hagati yibyiciro bibiri byabayobora, bita umurongo kumurongo, byerekanwe muri D.

11. Gufungura imizi: intera itambitse hagati yimizi cyangwa ibirenge byumunara wibiti bibiri byamashanyarazi, bita gufungura imizi.Ihagarariwe na A.

12. Inguni yo gukingira insinga zubutaka hejuru: impande zirimo hagati yumurongo uhuza umurongo wumugozi wubutaka hamwe nuyobora kuruhande na

umurongo uhagaritse wumurongo wubutaka hejuru byitwa kurinda inguni yubutaka bwo hejuru.Byerekanwe muri.

13. Gushyingura ubujyakuzimu bwa pole n'umunara: Ubujyakuzimu bwa pole y'amashanyarazi (base base) yashyinguwe mu butaka byitwa ubujyakuzimu bwa pole n'umunara.Ni

byagaragajwe muri h0.

14. Gusimbuka: isasu rihuza abayobora kumpande zombi z'umunara utwara imizigo (tension, imfuruka n'umunara wa terminal) witwa gusimbuka, nanone

bita wire wire cyangwa umuheto.

15. Kurambura kwambere kwabayobora: guhindura ibintu burundu (kurambura umurongo wa kiyobora) biterwa nuburemere bwambere bwo hanze bwumuyobozi.

byitwa kurambura kwambere kwabayobora.

16. Umuyoboro uhujwe: umuyobozi w'icyiciro kimwe ugizwe ninsinga nyinshi (2, 3, 4), bita umuyoboro uhuza.Iringana no kubyimba

"diameter ihwanye" ya kiyobora, kuzamura ingufu z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi hafi ya kiyobora, kugabanya igihombo cya corona, kugabanya kwivanga kwa radio,

no kuzamura ubushobozi bwo kohereza umurongo wohereza.

17. Guhinduranya abayobora: gahunda yo kuyobora umurongo wumurongo wamashanyarazi, usibye gahunda ya mpandeshatu isanzwe, intera

hagati y'abayobora batatu ntabwo bangana.Imyitwarire yuyobora biterwa nintera iri hagati yumurongo na radiyo yuyobora.

Kubwibyo, niba kiyobora idahinduwe, impedance yibyiciro bitatu ntabwo iringaniye.Umurongo muremure, niko uburemere buringaniye.

Nkigisubizo, voltage itaringaniye hamwe nubu bizabyara, ibyo bizagira ingaruka mbi kumikorere ya generator n'itumanaho rya radio.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umurongo w'amashanyarazi giteganya ko "mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi ufite aho ubogamiye uhagaze, amashanyarazi

umurongo ufite uburebure burenga 100km ugomba guhindurwa ”.Guhindura abayobora muri rusange bikorwa muminara ya transposition.

18. Kunyeganyeza umurongo (hasi) kumurongo: mugihe cyumurongo, iyo imirongo yo hejuru ikorerwa imbaraga zumuyaga perpendicular yerekeza kumurongo, umurongo uhamye

vortex hamwe numurongo runaka uhinduranya hejuru no hasi bizakorwa kuruhande rwibihe byimirongo yo hejuru.Munsi yingaruka ya vortex

Ibigize, imirongo yo hejuru izabyara ibihe bihindagurika mu ndege ihagaritse, ibyo bita umurongo wo hejuru.