Iki nigice cya gatatu cyuruhererekane rwibice bitatu byerekeranye no kongera kwiyubaka kwa Derek Pratt wongeyeho igihembo cya John Harrison's Longitude Award H4 (Hronometer ya mbere yisi ku isi).Iyi ngingo yasohotse bwa mbere mu kinyamakuru The Horological Journal (HJ) muri Mata 2015, kandi turabashimira kuba batanze batitangiriye itama yo gutangaza kuri Quill & Pad.
Ushaka kumenya byinshi kuri Derek Pratt, reba ubuzima nibihe byumuntu wigenga wigenga wigenga wigenga Derek Pratt, Derek Pratt yongeye kubaka John Harrison H4, isi Isaha yambere yambere yubumenyi bwikirere bwo mu nyanja (igice cya 1 cya 3), na H4 ya John Harrison kuri the tray ya diyama yongeye kubakwa na Derek Pratt, chronometer ya mbere yisi yuzuye kwisi (igice cya 2, Hariho ibice 3 byose).
Nyuma yo gukora tray ya diyama, turakomeza kugirango tubone isaha, nubwo nta remontoir, na mbere yuko imitako yose irangira.
Uruziga runini ruringaniye (mm 50,90 mm z'umurambararo) rukozwe mubikoresho bikomye, bituje kandi bisukuye.Uruziga rufunze hagati yamasahani abiri yo gukomera, bifasha kugabanya ihinduka.
Isahani ya H4 iringaniye ya Derek Pratt yerekana uburinganire mugihe cyakurikiyeho, hamwe nabakozi hamwe na chuck mu mwanya
Impirimbanyi iringaniye ni manda 21.41 mm ifite umuzenguruko wikibuno wagabanutse kugera kuri mm 0.4 kugirango ushyire inzira hamwe na chuck.Abakozi bafunguye umusarani wumukoresha wamasaha barangiza.Umuringa wumuringa ukoreshwa kuri pallet ushyirwa kumukozi ufite pin igabanijwe, hanyuma pallet yinjizwa mumwobo umeze nka D muri chuck.
Ibyo byobo bikozwe ku isahani y'umuringa ukoresheje EDM yacu (imashini isohora amashanyarazi).Electrode y'umuringa ukurikije imiterere-karemano ya pallet yarohamye mu muringa, hanyuma umwobo hamwe n’imbere y’umukozi bitunganyirizwa ku mashini ya CNC.
Kurangiza byanyuma bya chuck bikorwa n'intoki ukoresheje dosiye na poliseri yicyuma, kandi umwobo wacitsemo ibice ukorwa ukoresheje imyitozo ya Archimedes.Nibintu bishimishije byubuhanga buhanitse kandi buhanga buke!
Impuzandengo iringaniye ifite inziga eshatu zuzuye n'umurizo muremure ugororotse.Isoko irafashwe, impera ya sitidiyo irabyimbye, hamwe na tapi yo hagati yerekeza kuri chuck.Anthony Randall yaduhaye ibyuma bya karuboni 0.8%, byashushanijwe mugice kiringaniye hanyuma bisukurwa muri cone kugeza mubunini bwa H4 yumwimerere.Isoko yamenetse ishyirwa mubyuma kugirango bikomere.
Dufite amafoto meza yisoko yumwimerere, adufasha gushushanya imiterere na CNC urusyo rwambere.Hamwe nimpeshyi ngufi, abantu biteze ko impirimbanyi zizunguruka mugihe abakozi bahagaze neza ariko ntibabuzwa imitako kumuraro.Ariko, kubera ko umurizo muremure hamwe nu musatsi bigenda byoroha, niba uruziga ruringaniye hamwe nuruhererekane rwimisatsi byashyizwe kunyeganyega, gusa bigashyigikirwa kuri pivot yo hepfo, kandi imitako iri hejuru ikurwaho, uruziga ruzaba ruhagaze neza kuburyo butangaje.
Impuzandengo iringaniye hamwe nuruhererekane rwimisatsi bifite aho bihurira nibibazo, nkuko byari byitezwe kumisatsi migufi, ariko iyi ngaruka igabanywa nubunini bwafashwe hamwe numurizo muremure wumusatsi.
Reka isaha ikore, itwarwa neza na gari ya moshi, kandi icyiciro gikurikira nugukora no gushiraho remontoir.Umurongo w'icyiciro cya kane ni inzira-eshatu zishimishije.Muri iki gihe, hari ibiziga bitatu bya coaxial: uruziga rwa kane, uruziga rwa konte n'amasegonda yo hagati yo gutwara.
Imbere yaciwe imbere uruziga rwa gatatu rutwara uruziga rwa kane muburyo busanzwe, narwo rukaba rutwara sisitemu ya remontoir igizwe nuruziga rufunga na flawheel.Uruziga rwa gyro rutwarwa na spindle ya kane binyuze mumasoko ya remontoir, naho uruziga rwa gyro rutwara uruziga.
Ku murongo wa kane uhuza, umushoferi ahabwa remontoir, uruziga rwa contrate hamwe ninziga ya kabiri yo hagati ya Herek ya Derek Pratt.
Hano hari mandel yoroheje ya mandel isaha yo kugana ku isaha, ikanyura muri mandrale idafite uruziga rwa kane, naho uruziga rwa kabiri rwo gutwara ibinyabiziga rushyirwa kuruhande rwisaha.
Isoko ya Remontoir ikozwe muburyo bukuru bwisaha.Ifite uburebure bwa mm 1,45, uburebure bwa mm 0,08, n'uburebure bwa mm 160.Isoko yashyizwe mu kato k'umuringa gashyizwe ku murongo wa kane.Isoko igomba gushyirwa mu kato nk'igiceri gifunguye, ntabwo kiri ku rukuta rw'igitereko nk'uko bisanzwe biri mu kabari.Kugirango tubigereho, twakoresheje ikintu gisa nicyambere cyakoreshwaga mu gukora amasoko aringaniye kugirango dushyireho isoko ya remontoir kumiterere ikwiye.
Irekurwa rya Remontoir rigenzurwa na pivoti pawl, uruziga rufunga na flawheel ikoreshwa mugucunga umuvuduko wa remontoir.Ikariso ifite amaboko atanu yashyizwe kuri mandel;ukuboko kumwe gufashe umunwa, kandi umunwa ufatanya na pin yo kurekura kuri mandrale itandukanye.Iyo hejuru izunguruka, imwe mumapine yayo izamura buhoro pawl kumwanya aho ukundi kuboko kurekura uruziga.Uruziga rufunga rushobora noneho kuzunguruka kubuntu kugirango uhindukire kugirango isoko isubizwe.
Ukuboko kwa gatatu gufite pivoting roller ishyigikiwe na kamera yashizwe kumurongo ufunze.Ibi bituma pawl na pawl biri kure yinzira yo kurekura pin iyo kwisubiraho bibaye, kandi uruziga runyuma rugakomeza kuzunguruka.Amaboko abiri asigaye kuri pawl ni uburemere buringaniza pawl.
Ibi bice byose biroroshye cyane kandi bisaba kwitondera intoki no gutondeka, ariko bikora neza.Ikibabi kiguruka gifite uburebure bwa mm 0.1, ariko gifite ahantu hanini;ibi byagaragaye ko ari igice kitoroshye kuko umuyobozi mukuru ni umuntu ufite ikirere.
Remontoir nuburyo bwubwenge bushimishije kuko busubira inyuma buri masegonda 7.5, ntugomba rero gutegereza igihe kirekire!
Muri Mata 1891, James U. Poole yavuguruye H4 y'umwimerere maze yandika raporo ishimishije ku byo yakoraga Ikinyamakuru Magazine.Ubwo yavugaga ku buryo bwa remontoir, yagize ati: “Harrison arimo asobanura imiterere y'isaha.Byabaye ngombwa ko nshakisha inzira nanyuze mu ruhererekane rw'ibigeragezo bitoroshye, kandi mu minsi itari mike nifuzaga cyane kongera kubiteranya.Gari ya moshi ya remontoir Igikorwa kiratangaje kuburyo niyo wabyitegereza neza, ntushobora kubyumva neza.Ndashidikanya niba koko ari ingirakamaro. ”
Umuntu mubi!Nkunda ubunyangamugayo bwe bworoheje murugamba, birashoboka ko twese twagize ibyunvikana nkintebe!
Kugenda isaha niminota ni gakondo, itwarwa nibikoresho binini byashyizwe kumurongo wo hagati, ariko amasegonda yo hagati ikiganza gitwarwa nuruziga ruri hagati yibikoresho binini niziga ryisaha.Amasegonda yo hagati azunguruka ku bikoresho binini kandi atwarwa nuruziga rumwe rwo kubara rwashyizwe kumurongo wanyuma wa spindle.
Imodoka ya H4 H4 ya Derek Pratt yerekana gutwara ibikoresho binini, uruziga rw'iminota hamwe n'inziga ya kabiri rwagati
Ubujyakuzimu bwa shoferi ya kabiri yo hagati ni ndende cyane ishoboka kugirango umenye neza ko ikiganza cya kabiri kidatera “jitter” mugihe gikora, ariko kandi kigomba kwiruka mu bwisanzure.Kuri H4 yumwimerere, diameter yumuziga utwara ni 0,11 mm nini kuruta iy'ibiziga bigenda, nubwo umubare w'amenyo ari umwe.Birasa nkaho ubujyakuzimu bwakozwe nkana cyane, hanyuma uruziga rutwarwa "hejuru" kugirango rutange ubwisanzure bukenewe.Twakurikije inzira isa kugirango twemere kwiruka kubuntu hamwe na bike byemewe.
Koresha igikoresho cyo hejuru kugirango ubone gusubira inyuma mugihe utwaye amasegonda yo hagati ukuboko kwa Derek Pratt H4
Derek yarangije amaboko atatu, ariko bakeneye gutondeka.Daniela yakoraga ku ntoki ku isaha n'umunota, arayogoshesha, hanyuma arakomera kandi ararakara, arangije asiga umunyu w'ubururu.Amasegonda yo hagati ikiganza gisukuye aho kuba ubururu.
Harrison yabanje guteganya gukoresha imashini ya rack na pinion muri H4, yari isanzwe mu masaha yicyo gihe, kandi nkuko bigaragara muri kimwe mu bishushanyo byakozwe igihe komite ya Longitude yagenzuraga isaha.Agomba kuba yararetse rack hakiri kare, nubwo yari yarayikoresheje mu masaha ya Jefferys kandi agakoresha indishyi ya bimetallic bwa mbere muri H3.
Derek yashakaga kugerageza iyi gahunda maze akora rack na pinion atangira gukora curbs indishyi.
Umwimerere H4 uracyafite pinion yo gushiraho plaque, ariko ibura rack.Kubera ko H4 idafite rack, hafashwe icyemezo cyo gukora kopi.Nubwo rack na pinion byoroshye guhinduka, Harrison agomba kuba yarabonye byoroshye kwimuka no guhagarika umuvuduko.Isaha irashobora gukomeretsa kubuntu kandi igashyirwaho neza kugirango iringanize.Uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho sitidiyo burashobora guhinduka muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose;ibi bifasha gushyira hagati yisoko kugirango impirimbanyi ihagarare neza iyo uruhutse.
Ubushyuhe bwishyurwa curb igizwe nimiringa nicyuma gishyizwe hamwe hamwe na 15.Curb pin kumpera yindishyi zuzengurutse isoko.Mugihe ubushyuhe buzamutse, curb izunama kugirango igabanye uburebure bwimpeshyi.
Harrison yari yizeye gukoresha imiterere yinyuma yumuhanda kugirango ahindure amakosa ya isochronous, ariko yasanze ibyo bidahagije, yongeraho icyo yise pin "cycloid".Ibi byahinduwe kugirango bihuze umurizo uringaniza isoko kandi byihutishe kunyeganyega hamwe na amplitude yatoranijwe.
Kuri iki cyiciro, isahani yo hejuru ishyikirizwa Charles Scarr kugirango ishushanye.Derek yari yasabye ko icyapa cyandikwa nk'umwimerere, ariko izina rye ryanditswe ku nkombe ya skateboard yegeranye n'umukono wa Harrison no ku kiraro cya gatatu.Iyi nyandiko igira iti: “Derek Pratt 2004-Chas Frodsham & Co AD2014.”
Inyandiko: “Derek Pratt 2004 - Chas Frodsham & Co 2014 ″, yakoreshejwe mu kongera kubaka H4 ya Derek Pratt
Nyuma yo kuzana impirimbanyi hafi yubunini bwimpeshyi yumwimerere, igihe isaha ukuraho ibintu munsi yuburinganire, bigatuma umunzani ubyibushye gato kugirango wemerere ibi.Igihe cyamasaha ya Witschi ningirakamaro cyane muriki kibazo kuko gishobora gushyirwaho kugirango gipime inshuro yisaha nyuma yo guhinduka.
Ibi ntibisanzwe, ariko bitanga uburyo bwo kuringaniza ingano nini.Mugihe uburemere bwagiye buhoro buhoro buva munsi yumuzingi uringaniye, inshuro yegeraga inshuro 18.000 kumasaha, hanyuma igihe cyashyizwe kuri 18.000 hanyuma ikosa ryisaha rishobora gusomwa.
Igishushanyo kiri hejuru cyerekana inzira yisaha iyo itangiriye kuri amplitude yo hasi hanyuma igahita ihagarara kuri amplitude ikora ku gipimo gihamye.Inzira irerekana kandi ko remontoir isubira inyuma buri masegonda 7.5.Isaha yanageragejwe kuri kera ya Greiner Chronographic isaha ikoresheje impapuro.Iyi mashini ifite imikorere yo gushiraho buhoro.Iyo ibiryo byimpapuro bitinze inshuro icumi, ikosa ryikubye inshuro icumi.Igenamiterere ryoroshe kugerageza isaha kumasaha cyangwa irenga utarohamye mubwimbitse bwimpapuro!
Ibizamini byigihe kirekire byagaragaje impinduka zimwe mumuvuduko, ugasanga disikuru ya kabiri hagati irakomeye cyane, kuko ikeneye amavuta kubikoresho binini, ariko igomba kuba amavuta yoroheje cyane, kugirango idatera guhangana cyane kandi gabanya impirimbanyi.Amavuta yo kwisiga yo hasi cyane dushobora kubona ni Moebius D1, ifite viscosity ya 32 centistoke kuri 20 ° C;ibi bikora neza.
Isaha ntabwo ifite impuzandengo yigihe cyo guhinduka nkuko yaje gushyirwaho muri H5, biroroshye rero guhindura bike inshinge ya cycloidal kugirango uhuze neza umuvuduko.Pine ya cycloidal yapimwe ahantu hatandukanye, kandi bitinde bitebuke yakoraga ku masoko mugihe cyo guhumeka, kandi hari n’ibyuho bitandukanye kuri pin.
Ntabwo bisa nkaho ari ahantu heza, ariko hashyizweho aho igipimo cyimpinduka hamwe na amplitude ari gito.Guhindura igipimo hamwe na amplitude byerekana ko remontoir ikenewe kugirango impuzandengo iringaniye.Bitandukanye na James Poole, twibwira ko remontoir ari ingirakamaro rwose!
Isaha yari isanzwe ikora muri Mutarama 2014, ariko haracyakenewe guhinduka.Imbaraga ziboneka zo guhunga ziterwa nisoko enye zitandukanye mumasaha, zose zigomba kuringanizwa hamwe: urubyaro nyamukuru, isoko yimbaraga, isoko ya remontoir, nisoko iringaniye.Urubuto nyamukuru rushobora gushyirwaho nkuko bisabwa, hanyuma isoko ifata itanga umuriro mugihe isaha yakomeretse igomba kuba ihagije kugirango yongere gukomera neza isoko ya remontoir.
Amplitude yuburinganire buringaniye biterwa no gushiraho isoko ya remontoir.Birakenewe guhinduka, cyane cyane hagati yisoko yo kubungabunga nisoko ya remontoir, kugirango ubone impirimbanyi iboneye kandi ubone imbaraga zihagije muguhunga.Buri gihe cyo guhindura isoko yo kubungabunga bisobanura gusenya isaha yose.
Muri Gashyantare 2014, isaha yagiye muri Greenwich gufotorwa no gufotorwa mu imurikagurisha ryitwa "Shakisha Longitude-Ship Clock and Stars".Video yanyuma yerekanwe mumurikagurisha yasobanuye neza isaha kandi yerekana buri gice giteranijwe.
Igihe cyo kwipimisha no guhindura ibintu cyabaye mbere yuko isaha igezwa muri Greenwich muri kamena 2014. Nta mwanya wo gupima ubushyuhe bukwiye kandi wasangaga isaha yarishyuwe cyane, ariko yayoboye amahugurwa ku bushyuhe bumwe. .Iyo yakoraga itabangamiye iminsi 9, yagumye muri plus cyangwa gukuramo amasegonda abiri kumunsi.Kugirango utsindire ibihembo 20.000 byama pound, bigomba gukomeza umwanya mugihe wongeyeho cyangwa ukuyemo amasegonda 2.8 kumunsi mugihe cyurugendo rwibyumweru bitandatu muri West Indies.
Kurangiza H4 ya Derek Pratt yamye ari umushinga ushimishije hamwe nibibazo byinshi.Kuri Frodshams, burigihe duha Derek isuzuma ryisumbuyeho, haba nkumukora amasaha cyangwa nkumufatanyabikorwa mwiza.Buri gihe atanga cyane atanga ubumenyi nigihe cye cyo gufasha abandi.
Ubukorikori bwa Derek ni bwiza, kandi nubwo afite ibibazo byinshi, yakoresheje igihe n'imbaraga nyinshi mugutezimbere umushinga we H4.Twibwira ko azanyurwa nibisubizo byanyuma kandi yishimiye kwereka abantu bose isaha.
Isaha yerekanwe muri Greenwich kuva muri Nyakanga 2014 kugeza Mutarama 2015 hamwe na Harrison eshanu zose zumwimerere nibindi bikorwa byinshi bishimishije.Imurikagurisha ryatangiye kuzenguruka isi hamwe na H4 ya Derek, guhera muri Werurwe kugeza Nzeri 2015 mu isomero rya Folger Shakespeare i Washington, DC;hakurikiraho Mystic Seaport, Connecticut, kuva mu Gushyingo 2015 kugeza Mata 2016;hanyuma Kuva muri Gicurasi 2016 kugeza Ukwakira 2016, jya mu Nzu Ndangamurage ya Ositaraliya i Sydney.
Kurangiza H4 ya Derek byari imbaraga zitsinda nabantu bose muri Frodshams.Twabonye kandi ubufasha bw'agaciro kuri Anthony Randall, Jonathan Hird n'abandi bantu bo mu nganda zamasaha bafashaga Derek natwe kurangiza uyu mushinga.Ndashaka kandi gushimira Martin Dorsch ubufasha bwe bwo gufotora izi ngingo.
Quill & Pad turashimira kandi Ikinyamakuru Horological kutwemerera gusubiramo ingingo eshatu ziri murukurikirane hano.Niba warababuze, ushobora kandi gukunda: Ubuzima nibihe byumuntu wigenga wigenga wigenga wigenga Derek Pratt (Derek Pratt) Kubaka John Harrison (John Harrison)) H4, chronometre yambere yambere yisi (igice cya 1 cya 3) kuri Derek Pratt .
mumbabarire.Ndashaka inshuti yanjye yishuri Martin Dorsch, numudage ukora amasaha yo muri Regensburg.Niba umuzi, ushobora kumubwira amakuru yanjye?Murakoze!Zheng Junyu