Rimwe, Edison, nkumuhimbyi ukomeye mubitabo, yamye ari umushyitsi kenshi mubigize primaire

n'abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri yisumbuye.Ku rundi ruhande, Tesla yahoraga afite isura idasobanutse, kandi mu mashuri yisumbuye ni bwo

yaje guhura nigice cyamwitiriwe mu ishuri rya physics.

Ariko hamwe no gukwirakwiza interineti, Edison yarushijeho kuba umufilisitiya, kandi Tesla yabaye amayobera

umuhanga kuringaniza na Einstein mubitekerezo byabantu benshi.Ibibazo byabo nabyo byabaye ibiganiro mumihanda.

Uyu munsi tuzatangirana nintambara yumuriro wamashanyarazi yatangiye hagati yombi.Ntabwo tuzavuga kubyerekeye ubucuruzi cyangwa abantu

imitima, ariko vuga gusa kubintu bisanzwe kandi bishimishije uhereye kumahame ya tekiniki.

Nkuko twese tubizi, mu ntambara iriho hagati ya Tesla na Edison, Edison ku giti cye yarenze Tesla, ariko amaherezo

byananiye tekiniki, kandi guhinduranya bigenda bihinduka umutware wuzuye wa sisitemu yimbaraga.Noneho abana barabizi

AC power ikoreshwa murugo, none kuki Edison yahisemo ingufu za DC?Nigute sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya AC yagereranyaga

na Tesla yatsinze DC?

Mbere yo kuvuga kuri ibyo bibazo, tugomba mbere na mbere gusobanura neza ko Tesla atari we wahimbye guhinduranya ibihe.Faraday

yari azi uburyo bwo kubyara insimburangingo mugihe yize phenomenon ya induction ya electromagnetic muri 1831,

mbere yuko Tesla avuka.Igihe Tesla yari akiri ingimbi, abasimbura nini bari hafi.

Mubyukuri, ibyo Tesla yakoze byari hafi cyane ya Watt, kwari ukunoza uwasimbuye kugirango irusheho kuba nziza nini nini

Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.Iki nacyo ni kimwe mu bintu byagize uruhare mu gutsinda kwa sisitemu ya AC mu ntambara iriho.Mu buryo nk'ubwo,

Edison ntabwo yahimbye amashanyarazi ataziguye kandi ataziguye, ariko kandi yagize uruhare runini muri

kuzamurwa mu ntera itaziguye.

Kubwibyo, ntabwo arintambara cyane hagati ya Tesla na Edison kuko ni intambara hagati yuburyo bubiri bwo gutanga amashanyarazi nubucuruzi

amatsinda inyuma yabo.

PS: Mugihe cyo kugenzura amakuru, nabonye ko abantu bamwe bavuze ko Raday yahimbye uwasimbuye bwa mbere kwisi -

igenerator.Mubyukuri, aya magambo arikose.Birashobora kugaragara uhereye ku gishushanyo mbonera ko generator ya disiki ari a

Amashanyarazi ya DC.

Impamvu Edison yahisemo icyerekezo kitaziguye

Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: kubyara amashanyarazi (generator) - guhererekanya amashanyarazi (gukwirakwiza)

(impinduka,imirongo, guhinduranya, nibindi) - gukoresha ingufu (ibikoresho bitandukanye byamashanyarazi).

Mubihe bya Edison (1980), sisitemu ya DC yari ifite amashanyarazi ya DC akuze kubyara amashanyarazi, kandi nta transformateur yari ikenewe

Kurigukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, igihe cyose insinga zashizweho.

Kubijyanye n'umutwaro, icyo gihe buriwese yakoreshaga amashanyarazi mumirimo ibiri, gucana no gutwara moteri.Amatara yaka

ikoreshwa mu gucana,igihe cyose voltage ihagaze, ntacyo bitwaye yaba DC cyangwa AC.Naho moteri, kubera impamvu za tekiniki,

Moteri ya AC ntabwo yakoreshejweubucuruzi, kandi buriwese akoresha moteri ya DC.Muri ibi bidukikije, ingufu za DC zirashobora kuba

byavuzwe ko ari inzira zombi.Byongeye kandi, ibyerekezo bitaziguye bifite akarusho ko guhinduranya ibintu bidashobora guhura, kandi biroroshye kubika,

igihe cyose hari bateri,irashobora kubikwa.Niba sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi yananiwe, irashobora guhita ihinduka kuri bateri kugirango itange amashanyarazi

ikibazo cyihutirwa.Bikunze gukoreshwaSisitemu ya UPS mubyukuri ni bateri ya DC, ariko ihindurwamo ingufu za AC kumpera zisohoka

hakoreshejwe ingufu za tekinoroji.Ndetse n'amashanyarazina podiyumu bigomba kuba bifite bateri ya DC kugirango umenye ingufu

gutanga ibikoresho by'ingenzi.

None, guhinduranya ibihe byari bimeze bite icyo gihe?Birashobora kuvugwa ko ntamuntu ushobora kurwana.Amashanyarazi akuze AC - ntabaho;

impinduka zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi - imikorere mike cyane (kwanga no gutemba guterwa n'umurongo w'icyuma umurongo ni nini);

nko ku bakoresha,niba moteri ya DC ihujwe nimbaraga za AC, bizakomeza Hafi, birashobora gufatwa nkumutako.

Ikintu cyingenzi nukoresha uburambe - itangwa ryamashanyarazi rirakennye cyane.Ntabwo gusa guhinduranya amashanyarazi bidashobora kubikwa

nka directikigezweho, ariko sisitemu igezweho ikoresha urukurikirane rw'imizigo muricyo gihe, no kongeraho cyangwa gukuraho umutwaro kumurongo wabikora

Gutera impinduka murivoltage y'umurongo wose.Ntamuntu numwe wifuza ko amatara yabo yaka mugihe amatara aturanye yazimye kandi azimye.

Nigute Guhindura Ibihe Byashize

Ikoranabuhanga riratera imbere, kandi bidatinze, mu 1884, Abanyangariya bahimbye imikorere ihanitse-ifunga-transformateur.Icyuma cya

iyi transformateurikora uruziga rwuzuye, rushobora kuzamura cyane imikorere ya transformateur no kwirinda gutakaza ingufu.

Muri rusange ni kimweimiterere nka transformateur dukoresha uyumunsi.Ibibazo bihamye nabyo byakemuwe nkuko sisitemu yo gutanga ari

gusimburwa na sisitemu yo gutanga ibintu.Hamwe naya mahirwe, amaherezo Tesla yaje kugaragara, ahimba ubundi buryo bufatika

ibyo byakoreshwa hamwe nubu bwoko bushya bwa transformateur.Mubyukuri, mugihe kimwe na Tesla, hari patenti nyinshi zo guhanga zijyanye

kubasimbuye, ariko Tesla yari afite ibyiza byinshi, kandi byahawe agaciro naWestinghouse kandi yazamuwe murwego runini.

Kubijyanye no gukenera amashanyarazi, niba nta bisabwa, noneho kora ibisabwa.Sisitemu ya AC yamashanyarazi yabanje yari icyiciro kimwe AC,

na Teslayahimbye moteri ifatika ibyiciro byinshi AC idafite imbaraga, yahaye AC amahirwe yo kwerekana impano zayo.

Hariho inyungu nyinshi zo guhinduranya ibyiciro byinshi, nkimiterere yoroshye nigiciro gito cyumurongo wogukwirakwiza namashanyarazi

ibikoresho,kandi idasanzwe ni muri moteri.Ibyiciro byinshi bisimburana bigizwe na sinusoidal ihinduranya hamwe na

inguni runaka yicyiciroitandukaniro.Nkuko twese tubizi, guhindura imiyoboro irashobora kubyara imbaraga za magneti.Hindura guhinduka.Niba

gahunda irumvikana, magnetiqueumurima uzunguruka kumurongo runaka.Niba ikoreshwa muri moteri, irashobora gutwara rotor kuzunguruka,

ikaba moteri ya AC ibyiciro byinshi.Moteri yahimbwe na Tesla ishingiye kuri iri hame ntikeneye no gutanga umurima wa rukuruzi

rotor, yoroshya cyane imitereren'ibiciro bya moteri.Igishimishije, imodoka yamashanyarazi ya "Tesla" ya Musk nayo ikoresha AC idahwitse

moteri, bitandukanye nimodoka zamashanyarazi zigihugu cyanjye zikoresha cyanemoteri imwe.

Tugeze hano, twasanze ingufu za AC zarahwanye na DC mubijyanye no kubyara amashanyarazi, kohereza no gukoresha,

none nigute yazamutse mu kirere kandi itwara isoko yose yingufu?

Urufunguzo ruri mu kiguzi.Itandukaniro mu gihombo mugikorwa cyo kohereza byombi ryaguye rwose icyuho kiri hagati

Ikwirakwizwa rya DC na AC.

Niba wize ubumenyi bwibanze bwamashanyarazi, uzamenye ko mumashanyarazi maremare yoherejwe, voltage yo hasi izaganisha

igihombo kinini.Iki gihombo gituruka ku bushyuhe buterwa no kurwanya umurongo, bizamura ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi kubusa.

Ibisohoka voltage ya generator ya DC ya Edison ni 110V.Umuvuduko muke usaba ingufu zamashanyarazi gushyirwaho hafi ya buri mukoresha.Muri

uturere dukoresha ingufu nini nabakoresha cyane, intera itanga amashanyarazi niyo kilometero nkeya.Kurugero, Edison

yubatse bwa mbere amashanyarazi ya DC i Beijing mu 1882, yashoboraga guha amashanyarazi gusa abakoresha ibirometero 1.5 bikikije uruganda rw'amashanyarazi.

Tutibagiwe n'ibikorwa remezo by'amashanyarazi menshi, isoko y'amashanyarazi nayo nikibazo gikomeye.Icyo gihe,

kugirango tuzigame ibiciro, byari byiza kubaka amashanyarazi hafi yinzuzi, kugirango zishobore kubyara amashanyarazi biturutse kumazi.Ariko,

kugirango itange amashanyarazi ahantu kure y’amazi y’amazi, ingufu zumuriro zigomba gukoreshwa kugirango zitange amashanyarazi, nigiciro

yo gutwika amakara nayo yiyongereye cyane.

Ikindi kibazo nacyo giterwa no kohereza amashanyarazi maremare.Umurongo muremure, niko urwanya imbaraga, niko voltage nyinshi

manuka kumurongo, hamwe na voltage yumukoresha kumpera ya kure irashobora kuba mike kuburyo idashobora gukoreshwa.Igisubizo cyonyine nukwiyongera

ibisohoka voltage yumuriro wamashanyarazi, ariko bizatera voltage yabakoresha hafi kuba hejuru cyane, kandi nakora iki niba ibikoresho

irashya?

Ntakibazo nkiki cyo guhinduranya amashanyarazi.Igihe cyose transformateur ikoreshwa mukuzamura voltage, amashanyarazi ya mirongo

kilometero ntakibazo.Sisitemu ya mbere yo gutanga amashanyarazi muri Amerika ya ruguru irashobora gukoresha voltage ya 4000V kugirango itange amashanyarazi kubakoresha 21 km.

Nyuma, ukoresheje amashanyarazi ya Westinghouse AC, byashobokaga no kugwa kwa Niagara guha Fabro, kilometero 30.

Kubwamahirwe, ibyerekezo bitaziguye ntibishobora kuzamurwa murubu buryo.Kuberako ihame ryemejwe na AC kuzamura ni electromagnetic induction,

shyira muburyo bworoshye, impinduka zuruhande rumwe rwa transformateur zitanga impinduka za magneti, hamwe na magnetiki ihinduka

itanga impinduka ziterwa na voltage (imbaraga za electromotive) kurundi ruhande.Urufunguzo rwa transformateur gukora ni uko ibyateganijwe bigomba

impinduka, nibyo rwose DC idafite.

Nyuma yo kuzuza uruhererekane rwibintu bya tekiniki, sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ya AC yatsinze byimazeyo ingufu za DC nigiciro cyayo gito.

Isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi ya DC ya Edison yahise ivugururwa mu rindi sosiyete izwi cyane y’amashanyarazi - General Electric yo muri Amerika..